Investigating the impact of woodland placement and percentage cover on flood peaks in an upland catchment using spatially distributed TOPMODEL

Woodlands can reduce downstream flooding, but it is not well known how the extent and distribution of woodland affects reductions in peak flow. We used the spatially distributed TOPMODEL to simulate peak flow during a 1 in 50 year storm event for a range of broadleaf woodland scenarios across a 2.6 km² catchment in Northern England. Woodland reduced peak flow by 2.6%–15.3% depending on the extent and spatial distribution of woodland cover. Cross slope and riparian woodland resulted in larger reductions in peak flow, 4.9% and 3.3% for a 10-percentage point increase in woodland cover respectively, compared to a 2.7% reduction for woodland randomly located across the catchment. Our results demonstrate that increased woodland cover can reduce peak flows during a large storm event and suggest that targeted placement of woodland can maximise the effectiveness of natural flood management interventions.