暴露于逆转录病毒和乙型肝炎病毒的母亲足月胎盘绒毛的组织形态学研究

Q4 Medicine Acta Microbiologica Hellenica Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI:10.3390/amh69010005
J. Ahenkorah, Stephen Opoku-Nyarko, K. Adutwum-Ofosu, B. Hottor, Joana Twasam, Emmanuel Afutu, Clement Nyadroh, Fleischer C. N. Kotey, E. Donkor, N. T. Dayie, Edem M. A. Tette, Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

逆转录病毒和乙型肝炎感染会导致胎盘的结构和构造发生扭曲,从而对胎儿和产妇的健康构成潜在威胁。更好地了解这些感染对胎盘形态学的影响将是我们了解孕产妇和新生儿健康不可或缺的一部分。目的:从组织形态学和立体学角度研究病毒感染(HIV[人类免疫缺陷病毒]和乙型肝炎病毒[HBV])和未感染的临产妇女的部分胎盘结构。方法:横断面研究这项横断面研究对从阿克拉 LEKMA 和 Weija/Gbawe 市立医院的产科分娩室和手术室采集的 237 个足月(38 ± 2 周)胎盘进行了筛查。使用血清学检测试剂盒(RDT)对脐静脉血样本和胎盘基底层血液进行了艾滋病毒、乙肝病毒和丙肝病毒(HCV)筛查。共选取了 34 个胎盘,包括 20 个与胎龄匹配的病例和 14 个对照组。利用立体学和系统随机抽样技术,对显微照片进行测试点和交叉点计数,在总共 2720 张显微照片上估算出胎盘合胞结、合胞剥离、胎儿毛细血管和绒毛间隙的平均体积密度。结果在立体学评估中,胎盘合胞结的平均体积密度(HIV 感染组 = 0.562 ± 0.115,HBV 感染组 = 0.516 ± 0.090,对照组 = 0.171 ± 0.018,P = 0.001)、胎盘合胞变性的平均体积密度(HIV 感染组 = 0.562 ± 0.115,HBV 感染组 = 0.516 ± 0.090,对照组 = 0.171 ± 0.018,P = 0.001)、胎盘合胞变性的平均体积密度(HIV 感染组 = 0.121 ± 0.022,HBV 感染者 = 0.111 ± 0.016,对照组 = 0.051 ± 0.00,p = 0.004),以及胎儿毛细血管(HIV 感染者 = 0.725 ± 0.152,HBV 感染者 = 0.902 ± 0.078,对照组 = 0.451 ± 0.064,p = 0.006)。与对照组相比,HBV 感染胎盘的绒毛间间隙(从 15.450 ± 1.075 到 11.32 ± 0.952)明显减少(p = 0.022)。结论胎盘病毒感染可能导致绒毛的合胞结、胎儿毛细血管和合胞变性区域显著增加,绒毛间隙显著减少。这一发现可能表明妊娠晚期、胎盘灌注不良、胎盘发育不全以及病毒抗原可能垂直传播给胎儿,这对了解围产期结局至关重要。
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Histomorphology of Chorionic Villi of Term Placentae of Mothers Exposed to Retroviral and Hepatitis B Viruses
Retroviral and hepatitis B infections can be potential threats to foetomaternal health through inducing distortions of the architecture and structure of the placenta. Improved insights into the effects of these infections on placental morphology would be integral to our understanding of maternal and neonatal health. Aim: To histomorphologically and stereologically investigate selected placental structures in virus-infected (HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] and hepatitis B virus [HBV]) and uninfected women at term. Method: This cross-sectional study involved the screening of 237 placentae collected at term (38 ± 2 weeks) from the maternity delivery units and surgical theatres of the LEKMA and Weija/Gbawe Municipal Hospitals in Accra. Venous blood samples from the umbilical vein and placenta basal plate blood were screened for HIV, HBV, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) using serological test kits (RDT). A total of 34 placentae were selected, comprising 20 cases and 14 controls that were gestational age-matched. Using stereology and a systematic random sampling technique with test point and intersection counting of photomicrographs, the mean volume densities of syncytial knots, syncytial denudations, foetal capillaries, and intervillous spaces of the placentae were estimated on a total of 2720 photomicrographs. Results: On stereological assessment, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean volume densities of syncytial knots (HIV-infected = 0.562 ± 0.115, HBV-infected = 0.516 ± 0.090, control group = 0.171 ± 0.018, p = 0.001), syncytial denudations (HIV-infected = 0.121 ± 0.022, HBV-infected = 0.111 ± 0.016, control group = 0.051 ± 0.00, p = 0.004), and foetal capillaries (HIV-infected = 0.725 ± 0.152, HBV-infected = 0.902 ± 0.078, control group = 0.451 ± 0.064, p = 0.006) among the different groups of placentae (control) at term. A statistically significant decrease in intervillous space (p = 0.022) was recorded in HBV-infected placentae compared to the control (from 15.450 ± 1.075 to 11.32 ± 0.952). Conclusion: Placental viral infections might lead to significant increases in syncytial knots, foetal capillaries, and syncytial denuded areas of the chorionic villi and a significant decrease in intervillous spaces. This finding could signify evidence of advanced gestation, placental malperfusion, hypermaturity of the placenta, and a possible vertical transmission of the viral antigen to the foetus, which may be crucial in understanding perinatal outcomes.
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Acta Microbiologica Hellenica
Acta Microbiologica Hellenica Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
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