Structure of cardiac rhythm disorders in patients with obesity and associated with it dyslipidemia as an arrhythmogenic factor

Obesity is a global public health problem in the twenty-first century. The most adverse it’s effects are associated with visceral type, with accumulation of epicardial fat, showing high metabolic activity, dysfunction and important role in the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy linked with significant morphological and functional myocardial changes, accompanying by high risk of heart rhythm disorders. The aim of the study: to identify structure (frequency and character) of cardiac arrhythmias in men of employable age with visceral obesity, to establish the relationship of arrhythmias with features of the blood lipid spectrum of these patients. Material and methods. 98 men with abdominal obesity and 46 overweight patients were examined. The control group consisted of 40 healthy patients with normal body weight. All the patients were undergone ECG monitoring, echocardiography and analysis of serum lipid levels. Results. The presence of obesity is statistically significantly associated with the risk of supraventricular couplets, frequent ventricular extrasystoles, sinus arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. The increase in the severity of obesity was accompanied by a tendency to a greater frequency of arrhythmias: in obesity of I degree, the frequency of atrial fibrillation was 12.3%, II–III degree — 21.2%, p = 0.25; frequent ventricular extrasystoles with similar degrees of obesity — 13.8% and 21.1%, respectively. Atrial fibrillation was significantly more often detected against the background of lipid disorders, mainly with a decrease in HDLP. Conclusion. The main type of heart rhythm disturbance in patients with obesity are supraventricular arrhythmias, mainly atrial fibrillation, the frequency of which increases in proportion to the increase in the patient's body weight. Abdominal obesity leads to an increase in ventricular ectopic activity. Dyslipidemia is the one of risk factors for arrhythmias in these patients.