Light-Pollution-Monitoring Method for Selected Environmental and Social Elements

Light pollution significantly interferes with animal and human life and should, therefore, be included in the factors that threaten ecosystems. The main aim of this research is to develop a methodology for monitoring environmental and social elements subjected to light pollution in anthropogenic areas. This research is based on yearly and monthly photographs acquired from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite; land cover data from the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) program; and environmental data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). The processing of input data for further analyses, the testing of the methodology and the interpretation of the final results were performed in GIS-type software (ArcGIS Pro). Light pollution in the investigated area was analyzed with the use of maps generated for the years 2014 and 2019. The environmental and social elements were spatially identified in five light pollution classes. The research results demonstrate that the proposed methodology allows for the identification of environmental and social elements that emit light, as well as those that are subjected to light pollution. The methodology used in this work allows us to observe changes resulting from light pollution (decreasing or increasing the intensity). Owing to the use of publicly available data, the methodology can be applied to light pollution monitoring as part of spatial planning in anthropogenic areas. The proposed methodology makes it possible to cover the area exposed to light pollution and to observe (almost online) the environmental and social changes resulting from reductions in light emitted by anthropogenic areas.