战争罪的犯罪学特性及其与危害人类罪和种族灭绝罪的区别

A. Allahverdiyev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如今,灭绝种族罪有时实际上被描述为危害人类罪,而后者则被定性为战争罪。尽管这些罪行之间存在某些相似之处,但它们在构成要素上有不同的特殊性。这些特殊性可能与战争有关,但将它们完全与战争联系在一起是不正确的。这种差异甚至可以在国际刑事法庭的章程中找到,特别是在《国际刑事法院规约》的不同条款中:第 6 条分别为种族灭绝罪,第 7 条为危害人类罪,第 8 条为战争罪。与战争罪不同,危害人类罪和种族灭绝罪既可以在战争时期实施,也可以在和平时期实施。将后者与战争罪区分开来始终很重要。
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Criminological specificity of war crimes, their difference from crimes against humanity and genocide
At the present day sometimes crime of genocide is practically described as a crime against humanity, and the latter is characterized as war crimes. Although some similarity does exist between these kinds of crimes, they have different peculiarities by their constituent elements. These peculiarities possibly may be linked with warfare, but it wouldn’t be correct to bind them entirely with warfare. This difference can be found even in the charters of international criminal tribunals, particularly in various articles of Statute of the International Criminal Court: crime of genocide in Article 6, crimes against humanity in Article 7, and war crimes in Article 8 respectively. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity and crime of genocide can be perpetrated both in times of warfare and peace. It’s always important to distinguish the latter from war crimes.
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