Presentación de aneurisma del ventrículo izquierdo y comunicación interventricular posterior a infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: Reporte de caso

The occurrence of a mechanical complication following an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation is currently uncommon, with the most common being papillary muscle rupture, free wall rupture of the ventricle, ventricular septal rupture, or the development of an aneurysmal dilation of the ventricle. We present a 63-year-old male patient with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation who developed two concomitant mechanical complications, both of which underwent surgical correction. The patient had a history of hypertension and smoking, and presented with clinical symptoms of precordial pain along with an electrocardiogram showing ST-segment elevation. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a ventricular septal defect and an ejection fraction of 51%. Cardiac catheterization indicated two-vessel coronary disease. Surgical management was decided for closure of the ventricular septal defect and revascularization. During the surgical procedure, an aneurysmal dilation of the left ventricle was observed and repaired using a pericardial patch. Finally, after compensating for heart failure secondary to septic shock from a urinary tract infection, the patient was discharged. Mechanical complications following an acute myocardial infarction remain a significant concern as they can occur days or weeks after the coronary event and may lead to death. Therefore, continuous monitoring of patients is crucial. The decision to surgically intervene for correction should weigh the risk-benefit ratio.