A Review on Novel Seismic Secondary Disasters in Urban Dense Building Areas

: High-density building clusters, with a large population, a number of high-rise buildings, and significant assets, have been noticeable in the context of economic and urbanization progress. These provide focal points as well as new challenges for urban seismic mitigation and disaster prevention. Concurrently, with the progress in seismic engineering research and its practical applications, traditional seismic risks, such as structural collapses, have seen a gradual decline. Nonetheless, novel seismic disasters, such as post-earthquake falling debris and fires, have gained prominence. These are extremely destructive and lack effective mitigation measures. Therefore, the paper focused on four typical novel seismic secondary disasters: post-earthquake falling debris, post-earthquake fires, people trapped in elevators under earthquakes, and site-city interaction effects. The current preliminary research findings on novel seismic secondary disasters were summarized, and an outlook on future research directions was proposed, so as to provide a scholarly reference for the exploration of novel seismic disasters.