全人护理中的同理心要求--对患者和医生而言

Anita Nowak, Milan Sen
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摘要

临床移情与提高患者满意度、治疗依从性和改善健康状况有关。同时,经验证据表明,医生与患者之间强烈的同理心联系会提高工作满意度,减少渎职投诉。此外,具有较高同理心的医生还能减少压力、愤世嫉俗和职业倦怠。在医疗保健领域,移情应该是一种常态。遗憾的是,事实并非如此。医生会经常或持续地遇到情绪紧张的情况--疾病、创伤、痛苦和死亡。这也许可以解释为什么他们可能会错过或忽视病人痛苦的迹象。但越来越多的证据表明,过度劳累和缺乏自我保健是一个主要问题。事实上,与普通人相比,医生的同情疲劳、职业倦怠、抑郁和自杀率更高。当今医疗实践的工作时间长、行政工作量大、财务要求高,这意味着许多医生难以优先考虑自我保健,包括缺乏睡眠、锻炼和健康的饮食习惯。而最近 COVID 大流行所带来的压力又进一步加剧了这一切。然而,医生却不能表现得脆弱或软弱,因为这样做不符合医学文化。本节课将探讨为什么同理心和自我同理心对于医生及其患者的全人护理都至关重要。本讲座将探讨为什么共情和自我共情都是全人护理的必要条件--对医生和患者都是如此,并将提出几种消除共情疲劳的策略和做法。
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The empathy imperative in whole person care - for patients and physicians
Clinical empathy is associated with improved patient satisfaction, treatment compliance, and better health. At the same time, empirical evidence shows that strong empathic connections between physicians and patients increase job satisfaction and decrease malpractice complaints. Plus, doctors with higher levels of empathy also experience less stress, cynicism, and burnout. Empathy in healthcare should be the norm. Unfortunately, that’s not the case. Physicians encounter emotionally taxing situations—illness, trauma, suffering, and dying—on a frequent or ongoing basis. Which might explain why they may miss or dismiss signs of patient distress. But there’s a growing body of evidence that points to overwork and a lack of self-care as a major problem. In fact, relative to the general population, doctors suffer from higher rates of compassion fatigue, burnout, depression, and suicide. The long hours, administrative workload, and financial imperatives of today’s medical practice means that many physicians struggle to prioritize self-care, including a lack of sleep, exercise, and healthy eating habits. All of this was further exacerbated by the pressure of the recent COVID pandemic. Yet physicians are not permitted to appear vulnerable or weak because doing so is inconsistent with the culture of medicine.This session will explore why empathy and self-empathy are both imperative to whole person care - for physicians and their patients. And will suggest several strategies and practices to combat empathy fatigue.
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