根据体重不足和体重增加者的心率变异性指标,判断心脏的神经动力功能和调节过程的状态

O.V. Dobrostan, O.I. Plyska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肥胖症是全世界最常见的疾病之一。乌克兰每年新增 1.8-2 万例肥胖症病例。此外,在高等院校就读的肥胖学生人数也在迅速增加,对他们来说,第一年的学习是最困难和最棘手的。众所周知,即使在正常情况下,体重过重也需要增加能量供应,而体重不足的人则缺乏能量储备。因此,我们工作的目的是根据心率变异性指标,研究不同体重的女学生在高等院校第一年学习期间的神经动力功能状态和心脏调节过程的特点。这对于为这类学生制定个性化的疾病预防措施非常重要。该研究对国立师范大学自然地理教育和生态学系的全日制女学生(17-18 岁)进行了调查,根据体重指数将她们分为三组:正常、超重和体重不足。研究在标准条件下的高精神状态日分六个阶段进行。对心电图进行了登记,计算了节律图和脉搏变异指标,并使用计算机方法研究了中枢神经系统的功能状态。根据 Kruskal-Wallis 和方差分析检验,以下指标对体重的影响最为敏感:模态、模态振幅、压力指数、自律神经平衡指数和心率。根据斯皮尔曼非参数相关分析,在检查的每个阶段,心率变异性的变化特征与中枢神经系统状态指标之间的相关性都被揭示出来,并明确了其性质。结果表明,各研究组的相关性性质不同。因此,可以确定体重偏离标准会影响一年级学生的心脏调节过程和神经动力功能。与体重正常的女学生相比,体重超标和体重不足的女学生在一年级时调节机制的强度明显更高,因此她们可以被归类为有可能患心身疾病的群体。
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STATE OF NEURODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS AND REGULATORY PROCESSES OF THE HEART ACCORDING TO INDICATORS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH INSUFFICIENT AND INCREASED BODY WEIGHT
One of the most common diseases in the whole world is obesity. Every year, 18-20 thousand new cases of obesity are recorded in Ukraine. Also, the number of obese students during their studies in institutions of higher education is rapidly increasing, for whom the first year of study is the most difficult and problematic. It is known that even under normal conditions, excessive body weight requires increased energy supply and persons with insufficient weight suffer from a lack of reserves. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the features of the state of neurodynamic functions and regulatory processes of the heart based on indicators of heart rate variability in female students with different body weights during the first year of study at a higher education institution. This will be important for the development of individual disease prevention measures for this category of students. The study examined full-time female students (17-18 years old) of the Faculty of Natural Geography Education and Ecology of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, who were divided into groups according to body mass index: normal, overweight, and underweight. The study was conducted on days of high mental performance under standard conditions in six stages. An electrocardiogram was registered, rhythmograms and variation pulsometry indicators were calculated, and the functional state of the central nervous system was studied using computer methods. According to the Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests, the following indicators were most sensitive to the influence of body weight: moda, moda amplitude, stress index, autonomic balance index, and heart rate. According to Spearman’s non-parametric correlation analysis, at each stage of the examination, correlations between variation characteristics of heart rate variability and indicators of the state of the central nervous system were revealed, and their nature was clarified. It was established that the nature of the correlations in the studied groups was different. Thus, it was established that the deviation of body weight from the norm affects the regulatory processes of the heart and neurodynamic functions during the first year of study. Overweight and underweight female students during the first year of study had a significantly higher intension of regulatory mechanisms compared to female students with a normal body weight, so they can be classified as a group at risk of developing psychosomatic diseases.
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