鼠尾草生态系统不仅仅是蒿草:大盆地退化的复杂地下问题

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Rangeland Ecology & Management Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2024.03.007
Stella M. Copeland , Kirk W. Davies , Chad S. Boyd
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引用次数: 0

摘要

长期处于稳定状态的植物群落具有较高的灌木丛覆盖率、较低的理想多年生草本植物覆盖率和/或相对较高的入侵性一年生植物覆盖率,这种植物群落广泛分布于大盆地,与受野火影响的地区截然不同。这些地区统称为 "退化的灌木丛林下",恢复这些地区并防止未来的退化是管理方面的挑战,需要保持理想的灌木丛植被水平,同时增加林下多年生植物的丰度和多样性。在牢牢把握当前和潜在植被组成的基础上界定退化是设定恢复目标和选择方法的一个基本方面。在许多鼠尾草地貌中,由于某些地貌普遍(且长期)缺乏完整的草本植物群落,以及草本群落组成(尤其是覆盖度)的年际变化较大,因此为任何给定地点指定退化状态也是一个相当大的挑战。在本手稿中,我们提供了一个定义退化林下的工作流程,并提出了一个确定恢复方法的框架,强调了该系统退化的途径(原因),如历史上的种植、不当放牧、入侵物种和干旱,以及退化区域的面积和范围。我们还介绍了针对退化林下植被的有据可查的成功恢复方法相对较少,尤其是一次性恢复处理。缺乏成功案例的原因可能是缺乏繁殖体、鼠尾草的潜在竞争、入侵物种和/或土壤条件的改变。在特定顺序和/或年份进行多次恢复处理可能会提高成功率;但是,由于这些技术并不经常实施,也没有在各种环境条件下进行严格评估,因此其有效性尚不确定。由于大盆地鼠尾草生态系统中退化林下植物的范围很广,要实现生物群层面的保护目标,可能需要开展更多的研究,以确定退化林下植物的类型和发展途径、时空恢复或持续退化模式,以及有针对性的恢复技术。
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Sagebrush Ecosystems are More Than Artemisia: The Complex Issue of Degraded Understories in the Great Basin

Plant communities in a stable, long-term state with high sagebrush cover and low desirable perennial herbaceous cover and/or relatively high invasive annual cover are widespread across the Great Basin and distinct from areas affected by wildfire. Restoring these areas, collectively called “degraded sagebrush understories,” and preventing future degradation are management challenges that require maintaining desirable levels of sagebrush cover while simultaneously increasing understory perennial abundance and diversity. Defining degradation based on a firm grasp of current and potential vegetation composition is a fundamental aspect of setting restoration goals and selecting methods. Assigning degraded status to any given site is also a considerable challenge in many sagebrush landscapes due to widespread (and long-standing) lack of intact herbaceous plant communities in some landscapes, as well as high interannual variation in herbaceous community composition (particularly cover). In this manuscript, we provide a workflow for defining degraded understories and present a framework for identifying restoration approaches emphasizing the pathways (causes) of degradation in this system, such as historical cultivation, inappropriate grazing, invasive species, and drought, as well as the size and extent of degraded areas. We also describe the relative paucity of well-documented successful restoration approaches for degraded understories, particularly for one-time restoration treatments. This lack of success may be due to lack of propagules, potential competition from sagebrush, invasive species, and/or altered soil conditions. Multiple restoration treatments in specific sequences and/or years may increase success; however, the effectiveness of these techniques is uncertain due to infrequent implementation and rigorous evaluation across a range of environmental conditions. Due to the extent of degraded understories in Great Basin sagebrush ecosystems, meeting biome-level conservation goals will likely require additional research to characterize the types and development pathways of the degraded understories, spatiotemporal recovery or ongoing degradation patterns, and targeted restoration techniques.

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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
期刊最新文献
Table of Contents Evaluating the Sagebrush Conservation Design Strategy Through the Performance of a Sagebrush Indicator Species Defend and Grow the Core for Birds: How a Sagebrush Conservation Strategy Benefits Rangeland Birds The Carbon Security Index: A Novel Approach to Assessing How Secure Carbon Is in Sagebrush Ecosystems Within the Great Basin Crossing the Chasm: Using Technical Transfer to Bridge Science Production and Management Action
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