Manolis N. Romanias*, Matthew M. Coggon*, Fatima Al Ali, James B. Burkholder, Philippe Dagaut, Zachary Decker, Carsten Warneke, Chelsea E. Stockwell, James M. Roberts, Alexandre Tomas, Nicolas Houzel, Cecile Coeur and Steven S. Brown,
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引用次数: 0
摘要
呋喃类化合物是一类活性挥发性有机化合物,是纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等生物质聚合物热解和燃烧的主要产物。生物质燃烧是呋喃类化合物在大气中的一个来源,其频率和强度在世界各地不断增加。呋喃类物质一旦排放到大气中,可能会与大气中的主要氧化剂发生反应,形成危害人类健康的二次污染物,包括臭氧(O3)和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)。本综述全面评估了 1977 年至今描述野火、明火和家火排放的呋喃类化合物的排放和大气归宿的文献。综述首先介绍了主要呋喃类化合物的物理特性,然后概述了导致呋喃类化合物形成的生物聚合物热解和燃烧反应。接下来,我们汇编了生物质燃烧所消耗的典型燃料的呋喃类排放系数,以突出烟雾中排放的关键物种。接下来,我们回顾了现有的动力学和大气降解机制数据,这些数据描述了呋喃类化合物与 OH、NO3、O3 和 Cl 自由基反应所形成的反应速率、气相产物和 SOA 的特征。然后,我们介绍了结合实地观测和模型模拟,重点评估呋喃类化合物大气化学性质及其对空气质量影响的研究。最后,我们从一个角度确定了未来的研究方向,以弥补关键数据的不足并加深对呋喃类大气过程的理解。
Emissions and Atmospheric Chemistry of Furanoids from Biomass Burning: Insights from Laboratory to Atmospheric Observations
Furanoids are a class of reactive volatile organic compounds that are major products from the pyrolysis and combustion of biomass polymers, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Biomass burning is an atmospheric source of furanoids that is increasing in frequency and intensity throughout regions of the world. Once emitted to the atmosphere, furanoids may react with the major atmospheric oxidants to form secondary pollutants that are hazardous to human health, including ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). This review is a comprehensive assessment of the literature between 1977 and the present describing the emissions and atmospheric fate of furanoids emitted from wild, prescribed, and domestic fires. The review is organized by presenting the physical properties of key furanoids first, followed by a summary of the biopolymer pyrolysis and combustion reactions that lead to furanoid formation. Next, furanoid emissions factors are compiled across the typical fuels consumed by biomass burning to highlight the key species emitted in smoke. We next review the available kinetic and atmospheric degradation mechanism data that characterize the reaction rates, gas-phase products, and SOA formed as a result of furanoid reactions with OH, NO3, O3, and Cl radicals. We then describe studies that have focused on evaluating furanoid atmospheric chemistry and their impacts on air quality using a combination of field observations and model simulations. We conclude with a perspective that identifies future research directions that would address key data gaps and improve the understanding of furanoid atmospheric processes.
期刊介绍:
The scope of ACS Earth and Space Chemistry includes the application of analytical, experimental and theoretical chemistry to investigate research questions relevant to the Earth and Space. The journal encompasses the highly interdisciplinary nature of research in this area, while emphasizing chemistry and chemical research tools as the unifying theme. The journal publishes broadly in the domains of high- and low-temperature geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, marine chemistry, planetary chemistry, astrochemistry, and analytical geochemistry. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry publishes Articles, Letters, Reviews, and Features to provide flexible formats to readily communicate all aspects of research in these fields.