Monotone quantities of $p$-harmonic functions and their applications

We derive local and global monotonic quantities associated to $p$-harmonic functions on manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature. As applications, we obtain inequalities relating the mass of asymptotically flat $3$-manifolds, the $p$-capacity and the Willmore functional of the boundary. As $p \to 1$, one of the results retrieves a classic relation that the ADM mass dominates the Hawking mass if the surface is area outer-minimizing.