Influence of fluoride characteristics on tooth surface protection in an erosive condition: A multifaceted characterization approach

Objective

To evaluate the effect of fluoride consistency and composition to protect enamel and dentin against the dental erosion.

Materials and Methods

Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were treated with artificial saliva, neutral fluoride gel (NFG), acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (AFG), neutral fluoride foam (NFF), and acidulated phosphate fluoride foam. The samples were subjected to cycling. Micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, surface roughness (Ra), contact angle (CA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Composition, CA and Ra data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).

Results

The dentin protected had a significantly higher mineral content than in the control. Eroded unprotected enamel had higher Ra values than normal surfaces. Fluoride treatments increased the Ra in dentin samples. AFG increased the CA in enamel. Fluoride foams increased CA in dentin with reduced mineral loss. SEM analysis found a deposited layer on enamel treated with AFG and remnants of deposits on dentin treated with NFG and NFF.

Conclusion

Regardless of the form of application, fluoride provided protection against erosion, however with different levels.

Clinical Significance

Applying the adequate fluoride form is relevant since the formulations have different effects on both enamel and dentin.