在美国,究竟什么是仇恨犯罪?美国五个城市的仇恨犯罪回顾

IF 0.6 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Safer Communities Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI:10.1108/sc-12-2023-0051
Anita Kalunta-Crumpton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在对美国各城市在仇恨犯罪的概念化和背景化方面的差异可能如何影响各执法机构收集仇恨犯罪数据的方式进行批判性评论。媒体报道和政治言论将仇恨犯罪视为美国的一个普遍问题。然而,联邦调查局每年公布的全国仇恨犯罪数量相对较低,这并没有反映出仇恨犯罪在公共领域的这种表现形式。设计/方法/途径作者主要借鉴了 2008-2018 年期间的全国仇恨犯罪数据,对美国五个城市仇恨犯罪数据的概念、背景、程度和执法收集情况进行了二次调查研究。研究结果本文是部分研究结果的产物,其中包括联邦、州和城市层面对仇恨犯罪的定义,以及这些层面仇恨犯罪的背景。研究结果表明,五个城市及相关执法机构对仇恨犯罪的概念以及他们在地方和国家层面收集和报告仇恨犯罪数据的方式存在不一致。原创性/价值通过分析美国五个城市及相关执法机构如何解释和应对仇恨犯罪数据的收集,并就执法机构收集仇恨犯罪数据的最佳实践提出建议,本文为学术界和非学术界关于仇恨犯罪的讨论做出了贡献。
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What exactly is a hate crime in the United States (US)? A review of hate crime in five US cities

Purpose

The paper aims to provide a critical review of how variations in the conceptualization and contextualization of hate crime across US cities might impact how their individual law enforcement agencies collect hate crime data. Media reports and political discourses present hate crime as a prevalent problem in the USA. However, this representation of hate crime in the public sphere is not reflected in the relatively low national numbers of hate crimes published annually by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing primarily on the national hate crime data for the period 2008–2018, this author conducted a secondary research study of the concept, context, extent and law enforcement collection of hate crime data in five cities in the USA.

Findings

This paper is a product of some of the findings of the study, which include the definition of hate crime at the federal, state and city levels and the contextualization of hate crimes at these levels. The findings show inconsistencies in how the five cities and associated law enforcement agencies conceptualize hate crime and in how they collect and report hate crime data at local and national levels.

Originality/value

Through its analysis of how five US cities and the associated law enforcement agencies interpret and respond to hate crime data collection, with recommendations of best practices for hate crime data collection by law enforcement agencies, the paper contributes to the academic and nonacademic debate on hate crime.

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来源期刊
Safer Communities
Safer Communities CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
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