感恩悖论

IF 9 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Journal of Internal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1111/joim.13788
Marie Chisholm-Burns, Richard N. Formica
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While her observations were personal for us, we see parallels that are relevant for the entire healthcare community. Ms. Silverstein pointed to the conflicting emotions of her own gratitude for her two heart transplants in the wake of her terminal cancer diagnosis, a diagnosis she states likely resulted from long-term use of immunosuppression medications meant to preserve her transplanted organ, and her desire to have more life. She wasn't ungrateful in expressing that desire; she was simply being human. While the specifics of Ms. Silverstein's life are relevant to the field of transplantation, we believe the human desires she expressed should cause the entire healthcare community to pause and reflect about why we chose this calling and our inherent responsibilities.</p><p>The concept of the gratitude paradox is not new. The BBC correspondent Kate Morgan explored this issue in a 2021 piece examining the complexities of gratitude for being employed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic [<span>2</span>]. She discussed the dilemma many individuals experienced between being grateful to have a job during a time of rising unemployment and feeling underpaid, undervalued, and overburdened by employers [<span>2</span>]. Another, more historical example is the “separate but equal” laws, colloquially known as Jim Crow laws, that pervaded American life in the post-Civil War era through the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. Under Jim Crow, Black Americans experienced and were expected to be grateful for (or as Davis [<span>3</span>] describes, “agreeable and non-challenging”), segregated conditions that proved to be anything but equal. There is a prevailing attitude that certain populations, in particular those who are vulnerable, such as patients with chronic medical conditions, racial and ethnic minority groups, or individuals from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds, should be thankful for whatever benefits of progress made in achieving a better life. They are viewed as troublemakers who lack gratitude whenever they suggest the bare minimum is not enough.</p><p>In our society, there is an expectation that disadvantaged and vulnerable populations should be grateful for having something that is one step above having nothing. When they qualify their gratitude by asking for more and better, there is often a backlash from those who have more because this ask provokes a defensive response: What more can we do? We submit that it is a reasonable expectation to want better outcomes from a healthcare system as advanced as the one in the United States. This viewpoint is reinforced by the emotions expressed in Amy Silverstein's opinion piece.</p><p>Let us consider why we have these expectations of gratitude in the first place. As healthcare providers, our duty is to provide our patients with the best possible care available and to continually strive to do better. For example, the best medical therapy for many patients with end-stage organ disease is transplantation [<span>4</span>]. However, when a patient receives a solid-organ transplant, they are confronted with the lifelong burden of immunosuppression and its varied risks and adverse outcomes [<span>5</span>]. The uncomfortable truth for the transplant profession is that for the past 25 years, there has been only incremental progress toward improving the fate of transplant recipients. Therefore, is it really a surprise when gratitude for the miracle of transplant is tempered by a desire for better, less deleterious posttransplant treatment options? We ask our colleagues in other disciplines to be just as uncomfortably honest with themselves about where their efforts, while vigorous and well-intentioned, are not meeting the aspirations of their patients.</p><p>As empathetic healthcare providers in all disciplines, we must validate the conflict patients experience; joy and gratitude for the benefits of treatment, frustration and fear when adverse effects occur, and desire for more and better care options. We must strive to offer our patients more and better life-saving and life-enhancing treatment options. The status quo simply is not good enough. We ask all of our colleagues to reflect on why it is so much easier to impose expectations of gratitude on our patients rather than offering empathy and collaboration when the desire for more and better is expressed. Moreover, we ask that the healthcare community speak in a unified voice to expose when the rigid adherence to political ideology and regulatory and policy frameworks impede progress toward improving the lives of our patients.</p><p>We challenge our colleagues to reflect on the emotions experienced when reading Ms. Silverstein's article. We suggest that as a society, we project our expectations of gratitude onto others because receiving accolades for what is done is easier than confronting the limitations, inadequacies, and inequities of what is not achieved. Inherent to the profession of medicine is a sense of frustration and hopelessness because the challenges our patients face exceed our individual capacity to relieve their suffering. Therefore, we retreat behind the safe wall that is our expectation of gratitude for the minimum that is offered. The question becomes: how do we stop retreating and start relinquishing these burdensome expectations? Do we accept the status quo, or do we resist it?</p><p>The profession of medicine is now at a crossroads, with external political and societal forces poised to destroy the core values of a profession whose foundation is providing service to others. We believe it is time to shift the paradigm of the gratitude paradox within our profession and to resist the larger societal forces that seek to minimize the innate desire of all people to have a better, healthier, longer life. To do so, we as individuals need to realize and accept that the experiences of those who are vulnerable and marginalized are not about the feelings their aspirations provoke within us, our expectations of gratitude, our fears of criticisms and failures. As healthcare professionals, our only task is honoring their experiences and supporting their desires for more and better. We must actively listen and work every day to become more aware and accepting of the lived experiences of our patients and their desire for a life unique to them. Our responsibility is to be their allies, advocates, and partners. It is our time to step up, rectify inequities and injustices, and overcome the gratitude paradox that is hampering progress to better healthcare for everyone. While there are many challenges to being a healthcare provider today, we are fortunate that each day we serve a higher purpose. Each day, we have the opportunity and privilege of helping our patients achieve a better life. Ms. Silverstein has done a service to all healthcare professionals, because she has reminded us that we are not here to just do enough. We are here to do the best for every patient every day.</p><p>The authors have no conflicts to report.</p><p>None.</p>","PeriodicalId":196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joim.13788","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The gratitude paradox\",\"authors\":\"Marie Chisholm-Burns,&nbsp;Richard N. Formica\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/joim.13788\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>In April 2023, the <i>New York Times</i> published an opinion piece by author and heart transplant patient, Amy Silverstein [<span>1</span>]. Ms. Silverstein's perspective provoked an array of responses, some of which were angry because of the perception that she lacked gratitude for the second and third chance at life she was given. However, as professionals in the transplant field, Ms. Silverstein's story resonated with us, particularly her description of what she called the “gratitude paradox” wherein solid-organ transplant patients are expected to be grateful for what they have—a new, functioning organ—and are either implicitly or explicitly discouraged from asking for more and better posttransplant treatment options [<span>1</span>]. While her observations were personal for us, we see parallels that are relevant for the entire healthcare community. Ms. Silverstein pointed to the conflicting emotions of her own gratitude for her two heart transplants in the wake of her terminal cancer diagnosis, a diagnosis she states likely resulted from long-term use of immunosuppression medications meant to preserve her transplanted organ, and her desire to have more life. She wasn't ungrateful in expressing that desire; she was simply being human. While the specifics of Ms. Silverstein's life are relevant to the field of transplantation, we believe the human desires she expressed should cause the entire healthcare community to pause and reflect about why we chose this calling and our inherent responsibilities.</p><p>The concept of the gratitude paradox is not new. The BBC correspondent Kate Morgan explored this issue in a 2021 piece examining the complexities of gratitude for being employed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic [<span>2</span>]. She discussed the dilemma many individuals experienced between being grateful to have a job during a time of rising unemployment and feeling underpaid, undervalued, and overburdened by employers [<span>2</span>]. Another, more historical example is the “separate but equal” laws, colloquially known as Jim Crow laws, that pervaded American life in the post-Civil War era through the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. Under Jim Crow, Black Americans experienced and were expected to be grateful for (or as Davis [<span>3</span>] describes, “agreeable and non-challenging”), segregated conditions that proved to be anything but equal. There is a prevailing attitude that certain populations, in particular those who are vulnerable, such as patients with chronic medical conditions, racial and ethnic minority groups, or individuals from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds, should be thankful for whatever benefits of progress made in achieving a better life. They are viewed as troublemakers who lack gratitude whenever they suggest the bare minimum is not enough.</p><p>In our society, there is an expectation that disadvantaged and vulnerable populations should be grateful for having something that is one step above having nothing. When they qualify their gratitude by asking for more and better, there is often a backlash from those who have more because this ask provokes a defensive response: What more can we do? We submit that it is a reasonable expectation to want better outcomes from a healthcare system as advanced as the one in the United States. This viewpoint is reinforced by the emotions expressed in Amy Silverstein's opinion piece.</p><p>Let us consider why we have these expectations of gratitude in the first place. As healthcare providers, our duty is to provide our patients with the best possible care available and to continually strive to do better. For example, the best medical therapy for many patients with end-stage organ disease is transplantation [<span>4</span>]. However, when a patient receives a solid-organ transplant, they are confronted with the lifelong burden of immunosuppression and its varied risks and adverse outcomes [<span>5</span>]. The uncomfortable truth for the transplant profession is that for the past 25 years, there has been only incremental progress toward improving the fate of transplant recipients. Therefore, is it really a surprise when gratitude for the miracle of transplant is tempered by a desire for better, less deleterious posttransplant treatment options? We ask our colleagues in other disciplines to be just as uncomfortably honest with themselves about where their efforts, while vigorous and well-intentioned, are not meeting the aspirations of their patients.</p><p>As empathetic healthcare providers in all disciplines, we must validate the conflict patients experience; joy and gratitude for the benefits of treatment, frustration and fear when adverse effects occur, and desire for more and better care options. We must strive to offer our patients more and better life-saving and life-enhancing treatment options. The status quo simply is not good enough. We ask all of our colleagues to reflect on why it is so much easier to impose expectations of gratitude on our patients rather than offering empathy and collaboration when the desire for more and better is expressed. Moreover, we ask that the healthcare community speak in a unified voice to expose when the rigid adherence to political ideology and regulatory and policy frameworks impede progress toward improving the lives of our patients.</p><p>We challenge our colleagues to reflect on the emotions experienced when reading Ms. Silverstein's article. We suggest that as a society, we project our expectations of gratitude onto others because receiving accolades for what is done is easier than confronting the limitations, inadequacies, and inequities of what is not achieved. Inherent to the profession of medicine is a sense of frustration and hopelessness because the challenges our patients face exceed our individual capacity to relieve their suffering. Therefore, we retreat behind the safe wall that is our expectation of gratitude for the minimum that is offered. The question becomes: how do we stop retreating and start relinquishing these burdensome expectations? 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引用次数: 0

摘要

2023 年 4 月,《纽约时报》发表了作家兼心脏移植患者艾米-西尔弗斯坦(Amy Silverstein)的一篇评论文章[1]。西尔弗斯坦女士的观点引发了一系列回应,其中一些回应是愤怒的,因为有人认为她对自己获得的第二次和第三次生命机会缺乏感激之情。然而,作为移植领域的专业人士,西尔弗斯坦女士的故事引起了我们的共鸣,尤其是她对所谓 "感恩悖论 "的描述,即人们期望实体器官移植患者对他们所拥有的--一个新的、功能正常的器官--心存感激,但却或明或暗地阻止他们要求更多更好的移植后治疗方案[1]。虽然她的观察对我们来说是个人的,但我们看到了与整个医疗界相关的相似之处。西尔弗斯坦女士指出,在她被诊断出癌症晚期后,她对自己两次心脏移植手术的感激之情和对更多生命的渴望是相互矛盾的。她表达这种愿望并不是忘恩负义,她只是在做人。虽然西尔弗斯坦女士的生活细节与移植领域息息相关,但我们认为她所表达的人类愿望应该让整个医疗界停下来,反思我们为何选择这一职业以及我们固有的责任。英国广播公司(BBC)记者凯特-摩根(Kate Morgan)在 2021 年的一篇文章中探讨了这一问题,文章研究了 COVID-19 大流行后被雇佣的感激之情的复杂性[2]。她讨论了在失业率上升时期,许多人在对拥有一份工作心存感激与感到工资过低、价值被低估、雇主负担过重之间的两难境地[2]。另一个更具历史意义的例子是 "隔离但平等 "的法律,俗称 "吉姆-克罗法",它在南北战争后到 20 世纪 60 年代民权运动期间充斥着美国人的生活。在吉姆-克罗法下,美国黑人经历并被期望感激(或如戴维斯[3]所描述的那样,"可接受且无挑战性")被隔离的条件,但事实证明这些条件并不平等。一种普遍的态度是,某些人群,尤其是弱势群体,如慢性病患者、少数种族和族裔群体,或社会经济背景较差的个人,应该感谢在改善生活方面取得的任何进步。在我们的社会中,人们期望处境不利和弱势的人群应该对比起一无所有更进一步的东西心存感激。当他们通过要求更多更好的东西来表达感激之情时,往往会遭到那些拥有更多东西的人的反击,因为这种要求会激起他们的防御性反应:我们还能做什么?我们认为,对于像美国这样先进的医疗保健系统,希望获得更好的结果是一种合理的期望。艾米-西尔弗斯坦(Amy Silverstein)的评论文章所表达的情感强化了这一观点。作为医疗服务提供者,我们的职责是为病人提供尽可能最好的医疗服务,并不断努力做到更好。例如,对于许多终末期器官疾病患者来说,最好的医疗方法就是移植[4]。然而,当患者接受实体器官移植时,他们将面临免疫抑制及其各种风险和不良后果带来的终生负担[5]。对于移植专业来说,一个令人不安的事实是,在过去的 25 年中,在改善移植受者命运方面取得的进展只是循序渐进的。因此,当对移植奇迹的感激之情被对更好、危害性更小的移植后治疗方案的渴望所冲淡时,这真的令人惊讶吗?我们要求其他学科的同行们也能以同样令人不安的态度诚实地面对自己,看看他们的努力虽然积极且用心良苦,但在哪些方面没有满足患者的愿望。作为所有学科中富有同情心的医疗服务提供者,我们必须确认患者所经历的冲突:对治疗益处的喜悦和感激,出现不良反应时的沮丧和恐惧,以及对更多更好的治疗方案的渴望。我们必须努力为患者提供更多更好的挽救生命和改善生命的治疗方案。维持现状是远远不够的。我们请所有同事反思一下,为什么在病人表达出希望得到更多更好的治疗时,我们更容易将感恩的期望强加给他们,而不是给予同情和合作。
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The gratitude paradox

In April 2023, the New York Times published an opinion piece by author and heart transplant patient, Amy Silverstein [1]. Ms. Silverstein's perspective provoked an array of responses, some of which were angry because of the perception that she lacked gratitude for the second and third chance at life she was given. However, as professionals in the transplant field, Ms. Silverstein's story resonated with us, particularly her description of what she called the “gratitude paradox” wherein solid-organ transplant patients are expected to be grateful for what they have—a new, functioning organ—and are either implicitly or explicitly discouraged from asking for more and better posttransplant treatment options [1]. While her observations were personal for us, we see parallels that are relevant for the entire healthcare community. Ms. Silverstein pointed to the conflicting emotions of her own gratitude for her two heart transplants in the wake of her terminal cancer diagnosis, a diagnosis she states likely resulted from long-term use of immunosuppression medications meant to preserve her transplanted organ, and her desire to have more life. She wasn't ungrateful in expressing that desire; she was simply being human. While the specifics of Ms. Silverstein's life are relevant to the field of transplantation, we believe the human desires she expressed should cause the entire healthcare community to pause and reflect about why we chose this calling and our inherent responsibilities.

The concept of the gratitude paradox is not new. The BBC correspondent Kate Morgan explored this issue in a 2021 piece examining the complexities of gratitude for being employed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic [2]. She discussed the dilemma many individuals experienced between being grateful to have a job during a time of rising unemployment and feeling underpaid, undervalued, and overburdened by employers [2]. Another, more historical example is the “separate but equal” laws, colloquially known as Jim Crow laws, that pervaded American life in the post-Civil War era through the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. Under Jim Crow, Black Americans experienced and were expected to be grateful for (or as Davis [3] describes, “agreeable and non-challenging”), segregated conditions that proved to be anything but equal. There is a prevailing attitude that certain populations, in particular those who are vulnerable, such as patients with chronic medical conditions, racial and ethnic minority groups, or individuals from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds, should be thankful for whatever benefits of progress made in achieving a better life. They are viewed as troublemakers who lack gratitude whenever they suggest the bare minimum is not enough.

In our society, there is an expectation that disadvantaged and vulnerable populations should be grateful for having something that is one step above having nothing. When they qualify their gratitude by asking for more and better, there is often a backlash from those who have more because this ask provokes a defensive response: What more can we do? We submit that it is a reasonable expectation to want better outcomes from a healthcare system as advanced as the one in the United States. This viewpoint is reinforced by the emotions expressed in Amy Silverstein's opinion piece.

Let us consider why we have these expectations of gratitude in the first place. As healthcare providers, our duty is to provide our patients with the best possible care available and to continually strive to do better. For example, the best medical therapy for many patients with end-stage organ disease is transplantation [4]. However, when a patient receives a solid-organ transplant, they are confronted with the lifelong burden of immunosuppression and its varied risks and adverse outcomes [5]. The uncomfortable truth for the transplant profession is that for the past 25 years, there has been only incremental progress toward improving the fate of transplant recipients. Therefore, is it really a surprise when gratitude for the miracle of transplant is tempered by a desire for better, less deleterious posttransplant treatment options? We ask our colleagues in other disciplines to be just as uncomfortably honest with themselves about where their efforts, while vigorous and well-intentioned, are not meeting the aspirations of their patients.

As empathetic healthcare providers in all disciplines, we must validate the conflict patients experience; joy and gratitude for the benefits of treatment, frustration and fear when adverse effects occur, and desire for more and better care options. We must strive to offer our patients more and better life-saving and life-enhancing treatment options. The status quo simply is not good enough. We ask all of our colleagues to reflect on why it is so much easier to impose expectations of gratitude on our patients rather than offering empathy and collaboration when the desire for more and better is expressed. Moreover, we ask that the healthcare community speak in a unified voice to expose when the rigid adherence to political ideology and regulatory and policy frameworks impede progress toward improving the lives of our patients.

We challenge our colleagues to reflect on the emotions experienced when reading Ms. Silverstein's article. We suggest that as a society, we project our expectations of gratitude onto others because receiving accolades for what is done is easier than confronting the limitations, inadequacies, and inequities of what is not achieved. Inherent to the profession of medicine is a sense of frustration and hopelessness because the challenges our patients face exceed our individual capacity to relieve their suffering. Therefore, we retreat behind the safe wall that is our expectation of gratitude for the minimum that is offered. The question becomes: how do we stop retreating and start relinquishing these burdensome expectations? Do we accept the status quo, or do we resist it?

The profession of medicine is now at a crossroads, with external political and societal forces poised to destroy the core values of a profession whose foundation is providing service to others. We believe it is time to shift the paradigm of the gratitude paradox within our profession and to resist the larger societal forces that seek to minimize the innate desire of all people to have a better, healthier, longer life. To do so, we as individuals need to realize and accept that the experiences of those who are vulnerable and marginalized are not about the feelings their aspirations provoke within us, our expectations of gratitude, our fears of criticisms and failures. As healthcare professionals, our only task is honoring their experiences and supporting their desires for more and better. We must actively listen and work every day to become more aware and accepting of the lived experiences of our patients and their desire for a life unique to them. Our responsibility is to be their allies, advocates, and partners. It is our time to step up, rectify inequities and injustices, and overcome the gratitude paradox that is hampering progress to better healthcare for everyone. While there are many challenges to being a healthcare provider today, we are fortunate that each day we serve a higher purpose. Each day, we have the opportunity and privilege of helping our patients achieve a better life. Ms. Silverstein has done a service to all healthcare professionals, because she has reminded us that we are not here to just do enough. We are here to do the best for every patient every day.

The authors have no conflicts to report.

None.

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来源期刊
Journal of Internal Medicine
Journal of Internal Medicine 医学-医学:内科
CiteScore
22.00
自引率
0.90%
发文量
176
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: JIM – The Journal of Internal Medicine, in continuous publication since 1863, is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal. It publishes original work in clinical science, spanning from bench to bedside, encompassing a wide range of internal medicine and its subspecialties. JIM showcases original articles, reviews, brief reports, and research letters in the field of internal medicine.
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Authors reply: Time to initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation affects the patient survival prognosis. Regarding: Time to initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation affects the patient survival prognosis. Regarding: Time to initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation affects the patient survival prognosis. Increased risk of hypereosinophilia following initiation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist: A symmetry analysis using the Danish health registries. Regarding: Time to initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation affects the patient survival prognosis.
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