Perturbation solution of multiphase flow of Williamson fluid through convergent and divergent conduits: Electro-osmotic effects

Problem Statement: The hafnium particles are suspended through carrier fluid (Williamson fluid) to discuss the momentum analysis in multiphase flow in two different types of configurations.

Research gap: The analysis of the interaction of hafnium nanoparticles with the Williamson fluid model through the convergent and divergent conduits has not been discussed before.

Methodology: The equation of continuity and momentum equations are used for this analysis. The solution of both fluid and particle velocities is obtained through the perturbation analytical technique. The perturbation solution is also compared with the numerical solution.

Computational results: The Weissenberg number decays the velocity distribution. The suspension of hafnium particles updates the flow distribution through the conduits. The magnitude of the stream function decreases via the Weissenberg number.

Applications: This study can help develop a new approach to cancer therapy by using a high atomic number of nanoparticles.

Originality: This analysis is original and has neither been submitted nor published before.