{"title":"探索性评估 SLAKES 方法,以确定不同土壤类型中集料稳定性的特征","authors":"Diana Vigah Adetsu, Emmanuel Arthur, Yuting Fu, Wim Cornelis, Mathieu Lamandé","doi":"10.1002/saj2.20674","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Classical soil aggregate stability (AS) methods lack standardized protocols and require long measurement times. However, the fairly new SLAKES method purportedly allows for rapid AS estimation with minimal technical equipment. SLAKES has been tested on fine-textured soils but its suitability for other soil types is unknown. This study investigated SLAKES’ suitability for AS measurements on silty clay, silt loam, and sandy loam soils. For each SLAKES test, three aggregates were immersed in distilled water and imaged for 10 min. SLAKES output includes disaggregation data per aggregate and three coefficients from a Gompertz function that describe slaking dynamics. Four AS descriptors obtained from SLAKES output were investigated: the averaged maximum slaking from a test (<i>a</i><sub>SK</sub>), the maximum slaking for each measurement (aggregate) (<i>a</i><sub>FT</sub>, from fitting a Gompertz function to SLAKES raw data), the averaged <i>a</i><sub>FT</sub> for the measurements in a test (<i>a̅</i><sub>FT</sub>), and the slaking index at 10 min per measurement (SI<sub>600</sub>). The <i>a</i><sub>SK</sub> is a direct descriptor included in the SLAKES output, while <i>a</i><sub>FT</sub>, <i>a̅</i><sub>FT,</sub> and SI<sub>600</sub> are indirect descriptors. The SI<sub>600</sub> was the most preferred SLAKES AS descriptor since it is a calculated parameter and due to its sensitivity in detecting AS status among all soil types. The sandy loam soil was the most stable from both the raw SLAKES data and fitting, albeit counterintuitive. SLAKES default measurement time was sufficient for the silty clay and silt loam soils but not for the sandy loam soil. Overall, SLAKES was a useful tool for AS measurements on fine-textured soils but was less suitable for AS measurements on the coarse-textured soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.20674","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exploratory assessment of the SLAKES method to characterize aggregate stability across diverse soil types\",\"authors\":\"Diana Vigah Adetsu, Emmanuel Arthur, Yuting Fu, Wim Cornelis, Mathieu Lamandé\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/saj2.20674\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Classical soil aggregate stability (AS) methods lack standardized protocols and require long measurement times. However, the fairly new SLAKES method purportedly allows for rapid AS estimation with minimal technical equipment. SLAKES has been tested on fine-textured soils but its suitability for other soil types is unknown. This study investigated SLAKES’ suitability for AS measurements on silty clay, silt loam, and sandy loam soils. For each SLAKES test, three aggregates were immersed in distilled water and imaged for 10 min. SLAKES output includes disaggregation data per aggregate and three coefficients from a Gompertz function that describe slaking dynamics. Four AS descriptors obtained from SLAKES output were investigated: the averaged maximum slaking from a test (<i>a</i><sub>SK</sub>), the maximum slaking for each measurement (aggregate) (<i>a</i><sub>FT</sub>, from fitting a Gompertz function to SLAKES raw data), the averaged <i>a</i><sub>FT</sub> for the measurements in a test (<i>a̅</i><sub>FT</sub>), and the slaking index at 10 min per measurement (SI<sub>600</sub>). The <i>a</i><sub>SK</sub> is a direct descriptor included in the SLAKES output, while <i>a</i><sub>FT</sub>, <i>a̅</i><sub>FT,</sub> and SI<sub>600</sub> are indirect descriptors. The SI<sub>600</sub> was the most preferred SLAKES AS descriptor since it is a calculated parameter and due to its sensitivity in detecting AS status among all soil types. The sandy loam soil was the most stable from both the raw SLAKES data and fitting, albeit counterintuitive. SLAKES default measurement time was sufficient for the silty clay and silt loam soils but not for the sandy loam soil. Overall, SLAKES was a useful tool for AS measurements on fine-textured soils but was less suitable for AS measurements on the coarse-textured soil.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":101043,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.20674\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/saj2.20674\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/saj2.20674","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
传统的土壤集聚稳定性(AS)方法缺乏标准化协议,测量时间长。不过,相当新的 SLAKES 方法据称可以用最少的技术设备快速估算 AS。SLAKES 已在细粒土中进行了测试,但对其他类型土壤的适用性尚不清楚。本研究调查了 SLAKES 是否适用于淤泥质粘土、淤泥质壤土和砂质壤土的 AS 测量。在每次 SLAKES 测试中,将三个集料浸入蒸馏水中并成像 10 分钟。SLAKES 输出包括每个集料的解离数据和描述坍落度动态的 Gompertz 函数的三个系数。对从 SLAKES 输出中获得的四个 AS 描述因子进行了研究:测试中的平均最大滑动(aSK)、每次测量(骨料)的最大滑动(aFT,通过对 SLAKES 原始数据进行 Gompertz 函数拟合获得)、测试中各次测量的平均 aFT(a̅FT)以及每次测量 10 分钟时的滑动指数(SI600)。aSK 是 SLAKES 输出中的直接描述符,而 aFT、a̅FT 和 SI600 则是间接描述符。SI600 是最受欢迎的 SLAKES AS 描述因子,因为它是一个计算参数,而且在检测所有土壤类型的 AS 状态时非常灵敏。从 SLAKES 原始数据和拟合结果来看,砂质壤土最稳定,尽管这与直觉相反。SLAKES 的默认测量时间对淤泥质粘土和粉砂质壤土来说足够了,但对砂质壤土来说却不够。总体而言,SLAKES 是对细粒土壤进行 AS 测量的有用工具,但对粗粒土壤的 AS 测量则不太适用。
Exploratory assessment of the SLAKES method to characterize aggregate stability across diverse soil types
Classical soil aggregate stability (AS) methods lack standardized protocols and require long measurement times. However, the fairly new SLAKES method purportedly allows for rapid AS estimation with minimal technical equipment. SLAKES has been tested on fine-textured soils but its suitability for other soil types is unknown. This study investigated SLAKES’ suitability for AS measurements on silty clay, silt loam, and sandy loam soils. For each SLAKES test, three aggregates were immersed in distilled water and imaged for 10 min. SLAKES output includes disaggregation data per aggregate and three coefficients from a Gompertz function that describe slaking dynamics. Four AS descriptors obtained from SLAKES output were investigated: the averaged maximum slaking from a test (aSK), the maximum slaking for each measurement (aggregate) (aFT, from fitting a Gompertz function to SLAKES raw data), the averaged aFT for the measurements in a test (a̅FT), and the slaking index at 10 min per measurement (SI600). The aSK is a direct descriptor included in the SLAKES output, while aFT, a̅FT, and SI600 are indirect descriptors. The SI600 was the most preferred SLAKES AS descriptor since it is a calculated parameter and due to its sensitivity in detecting AS status among all soil types. The sandy loam soil was the most stable from both the raw SLAKES data and fitting, albeit counterintuitive. SLAKES default measurement time was sufficient for the silty clay and silt loam soils but not for the sandy loam soil. Overall, SLAKES was a useful tool for AS measurements on fine-textured soils but was less suitable for AS measurements on the coarse-textured soil.