整合生物工艺学和元基因组学研究,提高稻草腐殖酸产量

Reza Sharafi, Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani, Ebrahim Karimi, Hosein Ghanavati, Mojegan Kowsari
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摘要

每年焚烧水稻秸秆(数百万吨)会导致温室气体排放,而生产高附加值的腐植酸是一种替代解决方案。本研究旨在考察微生物菌群和其他添加剂(鸡粪、尿素、橄榄油厂废料、沸石和生物炭)对稻草堆肥过程及随后腐植酸生产的影响。结果表明,在真菌种类中,奥氏酵母菌(Thermoascus aurantiacus)在加速堆肥成熟和改善堆肥质量方面的影响最为显著,而根据元基因组学分析,枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)是数量最多的细菌种类。含有这些微生物和除尿素外的其他添加剂的处理温度最高、C/N 比降低幅度最大、腐殖酸产量最高(分别为实验室 61 °C、54.67%、298 克/千克-1 和试验级 65 °C、72.11%、310 克/千克-1)。因此,可以在工业规模上使用金龟子和枯草芽孢杆菌作为堆肥添加剂,以进一步提高堆肥质量。功能分析显示,与对照组相比,各处理中的细菌酶具有最高的代谢活性,包括碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢。处理菌在嗜热阶段的酶活性最高,明显高于对照组。这项研究强调,在分解材料中,除了本地菌株外,还必须识别并加入适合温度条件的酶活性菌株。这种策略能明显改善堆肥过程,并在嗜热阶段产生高质量的腐植酸。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Integrating bioprocess and metagenomics studies to enhance humic acid production from rice straw

Rice straw burning annually (millions of tons) leads to greenhouse gas emissions, and an alternative solution is producing humic acid with high added-value. This study aimed to examine the influence of a microbial consortium and other additives (chicken manure, urea, olive mill waste, zeolite, and biochar) on the composting process of rice straw and the subsequent production of humic acid. Results showed that among the fungal species, Thermoascus aurantiacus exhibited the most prominent impact in expediting maturation and improving compost quality, and Bacillus subtilis was the most abundant bacterial species based on metagenomics analysis. The highest temperature, C/N ratio reduction, and amount of humic acid production (Respectively in lab 61 °C, 54.67%, 298 g kg−1 and in pilot level 65 °C, 72.11%, 310 g kg−1) were related to treatments containing these microorganisms and other additives except urea. Consequently, T. aurantiacus and B. subtilis can be employed on an industrial scale as compost additives to further elevate quality. Functional analysis showed that the bacterial enzymes in the treatments had the highest metabolic activities, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism compared to the control. The maximum enzymatic activities were in the thermophilic phase in treatments which were significantly higher than that in the control. The research emphasizes the importance of identifying and incorporating enzymatically active strains that are suitable for temperature conditions, alongside the native strains in decomposing materials. This strategy significantly improves the composting process and yields high-quality humic acid during the thermophilic phase.

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