Plasmodium yoelii surface-related antigen (PySRA) modulates the host pro-inflammatory responses via binding to CD68 on macrophage membrane

Malaria is an important mosquito-borne disease that seriously endangers human life and health. In 2021, global reports indicate that nearly 247 million malaria cases caused 619,000 deaths (1). Malaria is a highly complex disease with a variety of pathologic manifestations. In the early stages of infection, most patients showed general symptoms such as fever, sweat, and headache. Meanwhile, the symptoms of cerebral malaria, severe anemia, and respiratory distress occurred with the increase in parasites during the erythrocytic stage, leading to severe malaria (2–4).