Brian Topper, Alexander Neumann, Stephen K. Wilke, Randall E. Youngman, Abdulrahman Alrubkhi, and Richard Weber
{"title":"比较 Pr3+ 和 Nd3+ 对钛酸镧玻璃中 Er3+: 4I13/2 电平的去活化作用","authors":"Brian Topper, Alexander Neumann, Stephen K. Wilke, Randall E. Youngman, Abdulrahman Alrubkhi, and Richard Weber","doi":"10.1364/ome.517790","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Erbium lanthanum titanate glasses were prepared by levitation melting for the spectroscopic study of ways to promote the mid-infrared fluorescence. Two series of heavily erbium doped glasses (15 wt%) were prepared with the addition of either Pr<sup>3+</sup> or Nd<sup>3+</sup> in amounts relative to Er<sup>3+</sup> of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. Both ions quench the lower Er<sup>3+</sup> laser level with the Pr<sup>3+</sup> doing so more rapidly. Although high co-dopant concentrations result in higher energy transfer, as clearly evidenced in upconversion and downconversion fluorescence measurements, the mid-infrared lifetime also suffers a reduction and, therefore, a balance must be struck in the co-dopant concentration. Lifetime and spectral measurements indicate that, at a fixed relative co-dopant amount, Pr<sup>3+</sup> is more effective than Nd<sup>3+</sup> at removing the bottleneck of the Er<sup>3+</sup> <sup>4</sup><i>I</i><sub>13/2</sub> level. Moreover, consideration of the lifetimes alongside the absorption data of the individual ions indicates that despite the large absorption cross-section of Nd<sup>3+</sup> at 808 nm, the concentration needed to yield more absorbed power than utilizing direct 976 nm excitation of Er<sup>3+</sup> results in unfavorable lifetimes of the mid-infrared transition. In the end, Pr<sup>3+</sup> prevails as the superior co-dopant in terms of the effects on fluorescence lifetimes as well as potential laser system design considerations. In a unique self-doping approach, a reducing melt atmosphere of Ar instead of O<sub>2</sub> creates a small fraction of Ti<sup>3+</sup>. In 5Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-12La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-83TiO<sub>2</sub> glass, the presence of Ti<sup>3+</sup> quenches the <sup>4</sup><i>I</i><sub>13/2</sub> emission about 2.6 times more than the <sup>4</sup><i>I</i><sub>11/2</sub> when lifetimes are compared to an O<sub>2</sub> melt environment. As an additional means of increasing the mid-infrared emission, the effect of temperature on the mid- and near- infrared lifetimes of a lightly doped lanthanum titanate composition is investigated between 77-300 K. The mid-infrared lifetime increases by ∼30% while the near-infrared lifetime increases by ∼10%, which suggests in addition to co-doping, active cooling of the gain media will further enhance performance.","PeriodicalId":19548,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparing Pr3+ and Nd3+ for deactivating the Er3+: 4I13/2 level in lanthanum titanate glass\",\"authors\":\"Brian Topper, Alexander Neumann, Stephen K. Wilke, Randall E. Youngman, Abdulrahman Alrubkhi, and Richard Weber\",\"doi\":\"10.1364/ome.517790\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Erbium lanthanum titanate glasses were prepared by levitation melting for the spectroscopic study of ways to promote the mid-infrared fluorescence. Two series of heavily erbium doped glasses (15 wt%) were prepared with the addition of either Pr<sup>3+</sup> or Nd<sup>3+</sup> in amounts relative to Er<sup>3+</sup> of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. Both ions quench the lower Er<sup>3+</sup> laser level with the Pr<sup>3+</sup> doing so more rapidly. Although high co-dopant concentrations result in higher energy transfer, as clearly evidenced in upconversion and downconversion fluorescence measurements, the mid-infrared lifetime also suffers a reduction and, therefore, a balance must be struck in the co-dopant concentration. Lifetime and spectral measurements indicate that, at a fixed relative co-dopant amount, Pr<sup>3+</sup> is more effective than Nd<sup>3+</sup> at removing the bottleneck of the Er<sup>3+</sup> <sup>4</sup><i>I</i><sub>13/2</sub> level. Moreover, consideration of the lifetimes alongside the absorption data of the individual ions indicates that despite the large absorption cross-section of Nd<sup>3+</sup> at 808 nm, the concentration needed to yield more absorbed power than utilizing direct 976 nm excitation of Er<sup>3+</sup> results in unfavorable lifetimes of the mid-infrared transition. In the end, Pr<sup>3+</sup> prevails as the superior co-dopant in terms of the effects on fluorescence lifetimes as well as potential laser system design considerations. In a unique self-doping approach, a reducing melt atmosphere of Ar instead of O<sub>2</sub> creates a small fraction of Ti<sup>3+</sup>. In 5Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-12La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-83TiO<sub>2</sub> glass, the presence of Ti<sup>3+</sup> quenches the <sup>4</sup><i>I</i><sub>13/2</sub> emission about 2.6 times more than the <sup>4</sup><i>I</i><sub>11/2</sub> when lifetimes are compared to an O<sub>2</sub> melt environment. As an additional means of increasing the mid-infrared emission, the effect of temperature on the mid- and near- infrared lifetimes of a lightly doped lanthanum titanate composition is investigated between 77-300 K. The mid-infrared lifetime increases by ∼30% while the near-infrared lifetime increases by ∼10%, which suggests in addition to co-doping, active cooling of the gain media will further enhance performance.\",\"PeriodicalId\":19548,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optical Materials Express\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optical Materials Express\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.517790\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical Materials Express","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.517790","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparing Pr3+ and Nd3+ for deactivating the Er3+: 4I13/2 level in lanthanum titanate glass
Erbium lanthanum titanate glasses were prepared by levitation melting for the spectroscopic study of ways to promote the mid-infrared fluorescence. Two series of heavily erbium doped glasses (15 wt%) were prepared with the addition of either Pr3+ or Nd3+ in amounts relative to Er3+ of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. Both ions quench the lower Er3+ laser level with the Pr3+ doing so more rapidly. Although high co-dopant concentrations result in higher energy transfer, as clearly evidenced in upconversion and downconversion fluorescence measurements, the mid-infrared lifetime also suffers a reduction and, therefore, a balance must be struck in the co-dopant concentration. Lifetime and spectral measurements indicate that, at a fixed relative co-dopant amount, Pr3+ is more effective than Nd3+ at removing the bottleneck of the Er3+4I13/2 level. Moreover, consideration of the lifetimes alongside the absorption data of the individual ions indicates that despite the large absorption cross-section of Nd3+ at 808 nm, the concentration needed to yield more absorbed power than utilizing direct 976 nm excitation of Er3+ results in unfavorable lifetimes of the mid-infrared transition. In the end, Pr3+ prevails as the superior co-dopant in terms of the effects on fluorescence lifetimes as well as potential laser system design considerations. In a unique self-doping approach, a reducing melt atmosphere of Ar instead of O2 creates a small fraction of Ti3+. In 5Er2O3-12La2O3-83TiO2 glass, the presence of Ti3+ quenches the 4I13/2 emission about 2.6 times more than the 4I11/2 when lifetimes are compared to an O2 melt environment. As an additional means of increasing the mid-infrared emission, the effect of temperature on the mid- and near- infrared lifetimes of a lightly doped lanthanum titanate composition is investigated between 77-300 K. The mid-infrared lifetime increases by ∼30% while the near-infrared lifetime increases by ∼10%, which suggests in addition to co-doping, active cooling of the gain media will further enhance performance.
期刊介绍:
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Optical Materials Express (OMEx), OSA''s open-access, rapid-review journal, primarily emphasizes advances in both conventional and novel optical materials, their properties, theory and modeling, synthesis and fabrication approaches for optics and photonics; how such materials contribute to novel optical behavior; and how they enable new or improved optical devices. The journal covers a full range of topics, including, but not limited to:
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