波罗的海南部上层混合层的季节变化和长期冬季浅滩现象

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Continental Shelf Research Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2024.105232
Anna Izabela Bulczak , Kacper Nowak , Jaromir Jakacki , Maciej Muzyka , Daniel Rak , Waldemar Walczowski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

海洋上层混合层在调节海洋与大气之间的交换方面起着至关重要的作用。混合层深度(MLD)是影响海气动量和热量交换并决定海洋上层温度的关键参数。以往的许多研究都对全球海洋或区域海洋的混合层深度变化进行了调查,但波罗的海尚未开展此类研究。在本研究中,我们首次对南波罗的海的 MLD 及其特性进行了观测评估,包括其季节性和长期变化的量化以及多年冬季浅滩的识别。我们利用 1995-2021 年期间从不同数据集收集的大量历史 CTD 剖面图,计算了波罗的海南部 MLD 的月度分布图。为了测试结果的稳健性,我们比较了使用不同阈值方法计算的 MLD。在波罗的海南部的三个海盆中,MLD 具有明显的季节性,其数值从 7 月的 12 米到 12 月至 3 月的 60 米不等。在冬季,水体混合良好,直至上半卤线深度,MLD 在博恩霍尔姆海盆达到约 45 米,在斯卢普斯克海沟达到 50 米,在格但斯克海盆达到 60 米。观测到的全球变暖和北海咸水流入波罗的海的十年变化通过增加中层和深层的水密度对分层产生了影响。因此,密度梯度随深度的增加而加强,同时冬季上层海洋混合作用减弱。研究结果表明,由于温度和盐度升高导致分层加剧,冬季混合层明显变浅,每十年变浅 4 米。这些变化可能对海洋生态系统的动态和生产力产生重大影响。
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Seasonal variability and long-term winter shoaling of the upper mixed layer in the southern Baltic Sea

The upper ocean mixed layer plays a crucial role in regulating the exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. The Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) is a key parameter affecting the air-sea exchanges of momentum and heat and determining the upper ocean temperature. Numerous previous studies have investigated MLD variability in the global ocean or regional seas but no such studies were carried in the Baltic Sea. In this study, we present the first observational assessment of the MLD and its properties in the Southern Baltic Sea including quantification of its seasonal and long-term changes and identification of the multi-year winter shoaling. We calculated monthly maps of MLD in the southern Baltic Sea using a large number of historical CTD profiles collected in 1995–2021 from a combination of different data sets. To test the robustness of the results we compared the MLDs calculated using different threshold methods. Throughout the southern Baltic Sea, across its three basins, a distinct seasonality is evident in the MLD, with values varying from 12 m in July to 60 m in December–March. During winter the water column is well mixed down to the upper halocline depth and the MLD reaches about 45 m in the Bornholm Basin, 50 m in the Slupsk Furrow, and 60 m in the Gdansk Basin. The observed global warming and decadal changes in the salty inflows from the North Sea to the Baltic have had an impact on stratification by increasing water densities in the intermediate and deep layers. Consequently, density gradients have strengthened with depth while the upper ocean mixing has weakened during the winter season. The results reveal a significant winter shoaling of the mixed layer by 4 m per decade, driven by the increased stratification due to rising temperatures and salinity. These changes could have significant impacts on the dynamics and productivity of marine ecosystems.

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来源期刊
Continental Shelf Research
Continental Shelf Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.30%
发文量
136
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Continental Shelf Research publishes articles dealing with the biological, chemical, geological and physical oceanography of the shallow marine environment, from coastal and estuarine waters out to the shelf break. The continental shelf is a critical environment within the land-ocean continuum, and many processes, functions and problems in the continental shelf are driven by terrestrial inputs transported through the rivers and estuaries to the coastal and continental shelf areas. Manuscripts that deal with these topics must make a clear link to the continental shelf. Examples of research areas include: Physical sedimentology and geomorphology Geochemistry of the coastal ocean (inorganic and organic) Marine environment and anthropogenic effects Interaction of physical dynamics with natural and manmade shoreline features Benthic, phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology Coastal water and sediment quality, and ecosystem health Benthic-pelagic coupling (physical and biogeochemical) Interactions between physical dynamics (waves, currents, mixing, etc.) and biogeochemical cycles Estuarine, coastal and shelf sea modelling and process studies.
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