On the Scope of Liability for Negligence in Maritime Search and Rescue under the Background of the Amendment to the Maritime Code

In the era of contract-based maritime rescue under the background of amendments to the Maritime Code, disputes arise regarding whether a rescuer who, due to negligence, causes harm to the assisted party should bear tort liability. When a rescuer negligently causes harm to the assisted party during maritime rescue operations, it constitutes concurrent liability for tort and breach of contract. The rescuer should bear the responsibility for compensating the damages. Specifically, in establishing liability, it is essential to adhere to the standards identical to those in the Tort Liability section of the Civil Code. However, in determining the scope of liability, the principle of full compensation should not be strictly applied and can be appropriately relaxed. First, after posing the question, this paper employs a legal normative analysis method to explore the applicable domestic and foreign laws as well as international treaties related to the issue. The current legal systems stance on the matter is derived from legal norms. Analyzing the rights and obligations relationship between the rescuer and the assisted party from the perspective of balancing interests aims to achieve a new balance of interests between the two parties. Secondly, by comparing the Maritime Code with the Civil Code, the specific differences between the Maritime Code and the Civil Code provisions are identified. Additionally, considering the inherent characteristics of the Maritime Code, an analysis is conducted to differentiate the establishment and scope of liability for negligence-induced maritime rescue. Thirdly, through comparative analysis, it is determined that the rescuer should bear liability for damages resulting from negligent infringement, but the scope of liability can be appropriately limited. Moreover, a comparison between the maritime rescue system and relevant systems is made to clarify the relationship between the maritime rescue system and other relevant systems, providing theoretical support for the amendment of the Maritime Code. Finally, solutions and recommendations are proposed for the issues raised in the context of amendments to the Maritime Code.