Analysis of the impact of uneven permeability of surrounding rock caused by the coupling effect of ground stresses and fault structure on sudden water inrush in tunnels

Affected by fault structure and in-situ stress, the heterogeneity of permeability of surrounding rock is universal. Treating it as a fixed value will reduce the prediction accuracy of water inflow and structural head. In view of this problem, considering the coupling effect of ground stress and fault structure, the permeability of surrounding rock is regarded as a spatially discrete type, a plane one-dimensional seepage calculation model in the vertical section is constructed, and the phreatic surface drop curve equation is established. Using Taylor's formula and series expansion theorem, the equation can be reduced to the expression of the falling curve when the permeability of the surrounding rock is homogeneous. Based on Darcy's law and the law of conservation of fluid mass, the calculation formula for tunnel water inflow and external water pressure of the structure was derived. And verified through ongoing construction projects. Research shows that the calculation error of water inflow can be reduced from 23.1% to 7.5% when considering the influence of ground stress and fault structure on the permeability of surrounding rock, and the calculation error of water head borne by the supporting structure can be reduced from 43.8% to 30%, which improves the prediction accuracy. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Climate change and resilience in Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/climate-change-and-resilience-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology