鼠类跗关节间的凸轮机制及其设计框架

Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI:10.20965/jrm.2024.p0406
Kazuki Ito, Sayaka Hida, T. Kinugasa, Kentaro Chiba, Yu Okuda, Miwa Ichikawa, Tsukasa Okoshi, R. Takasaki, R. Hayashi, K. Yoshida, Koichi Osuka
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究对大鼠跗关节间的凸轮被动机制(即啮合-脱离机制(EDM))及其设计原理进行了研究。该机制通过位于跗关节内侧和外侧的一条肌肉和三条韧带的相互作用以及胫跖关节的关节面形态来运作。肌肉骨骼韧带元素的相互作用在几乎完全伸展和屈曲时形成了两个稳定的平衡点。为了阐明啮齿类动物跗关节间的EDM,我们解剖了鸸鹋(Dromaius novaehollandiae)的后肢,并检查了关节周围的解剖特征。随后,我们使用物理模型复制了鸸鹋的跗关节。该模型由三维打印的鸵鸟骨、螺旋弹簧以及模拟肌肉和韧带的尼龙绳组成。该模型成功复制了 EDM,并有助于分析肌肉骨骼韧带元素之间的相互作用。我们证明,内侧韧带和胫腓骨关节面的形态在促进 EDM 的执行中发挥了重要作用。此外,我们还观察到,关节表面的形态类似于工程学中著名的凸轮系统,是 EDM 的主要原因。
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Cam-Like Mechanism in Intertarsal Joints of Ratites and its Design Framework
In this study, the cam-like passive mechanism, known as the engage–disengage mechanism (EDM) of the intertarsal joint of ratites, and its design principles are investigated. This mechanism operates through the interplay of a muscle and three ligaments located on the medial and lateral sides of the intertarsal joint and the articular surface morphology of the tibiotarsus. The interplay of the musculoskeletal ligamentous elements creates two stable equilibrium points when they are almost fully extended and flexed. To elucidate the EDM in the intertarsal joints of ratites, we dissected the hindlimb of an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and examined anatomical features around the joint. Subsequently, we replicated the intertarsal joint of ratites using a physical model. This model consists of three-dimensional-printed ostrich bones, coil springs, and nylon strings simulating the muscle and ligaments. This model successfully replicated the EDM and facilitated the analysis of the interplay of musculoskeletal ligamentous elements. We demonstrated that the medial ligaments and the morphology of the tibiotarsal articular surface play significant roles in facilitating the execution of EDM. Furthermore, we observed that the articular surface morphology resembles a well-known cam system in engineering and is responsible for the EDM.
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