{"title":"害虫和家养果蝇物种的发育依赖于密度","authors":"Luciano Gandini, N. Flaibani, J. Fanara","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0198","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The capacity to lay eggs inside healthy fruits rather than on decaying plant matter differentiates insect fruit pests from domestic species. This niche differentiation has been previously proposed to be an adaptation to avoid competition. We hypothesize that pest species will be more strongly affected by competition. We compare the impact of larvae density on fitness traits between Drosophila pests (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931; Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970) and domestic species (Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921; Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830). We assessed the effect of crowding on adult emergence and development time. Viability decreased gradually with density for D. immigrans and D. suzukii, while for D. melanogaster and Z. indianus it remained high. Development time increased with density; this was stronger on Zaprionus indianus and D. immigrans than on D. suzukii, which had a moderate increase, and D. melanogaster, which did not change. Contrary to expectations, the distinct patterns observed were not related to each species' domestic or pest lifestyle. In fact, patterns consistent with either scramble or contest type of competition were observed on both pest and domestic species respectively. These findings challenge prior beliefs regarding competition effects among Drosophila pest species and provide information relevant to integrated pest management.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Density dependent development in pest and domestic Drosophilidae species\",\"authors\":\"Luciano Gandini, N. Flaibani, J. Fanara\",\"doi\":\"10.1139/cjz-2023-0198\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The capacity to lay eggs inside healthy fruits rather than on decaying plant matter differentiates insect fruit pests from domestic species. This niche differentiation has been previously proposed to be an adaptation to avoid competition. We hypothesize that pest species will be more strongly affected by competition. We compare the impact of larvae density on fitness traits between Drosophila pests (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931; Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970) and domestic species (Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921; Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830). We assessed the effect of crowding on adult emergence and development time. Viability decreased gradually with density for D. immigrans and D. suzukii, while for D. melanogaster and Z. indianus it remained high. Development time increased with density; this was stronger on Zaprionus indianus and D. immigrans than on D. suzukii, which had a moderate increase, and D. melanogaster, which did not change. Contrary to expectations, the distinct patterns observed were not related to each species' domestic or pest lifestyle. In fact, patterns consistent with either scramble or contest type of competition were observed on both pest and domestic species respectively. These findings challenge prior beliefs regarding competition effects among Drosophila pest species and provide information relevant to integrated pest management.\",\"PeriodicalId\":9484,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Canadian Journal of Zoology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Canadian Journal of Zoology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0198\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ZOOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0198","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ZOOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
昆虫果实害虫能够在健康的果实内产卵,而不是在腐烂的植物物质上产卵,这使它们有别于家养物种。以前曾有人提出,这种生态位分化是一种避免竞争的适应。我们假设害虫物种受竞争的影响会更大。我们比较了害虫果蝇(Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931; Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970)和家养果蝇(Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921; Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830)的幼虫密度对适应性特征的影响。我们评估了拥挤对成虫出现和发育时间的影响。随着密度的增加,D. immigrans 和 D. suzukii 的成虫数量逐渐减少,而 D. melanogaster 和 Z. indianus 的成虫数量仍然很高。发育时间随着密度的增加而延长;印度蝇和移栖蝇的发育时间比铃木蝇和黑腹蝇的发育时间延长得更快,前者的增长速度适中,后者则没有变化。与预期相反,观察到的不同模式与每个物种的家养或害虫生活方式无关。事实上,在害虫和家养物种上分别观察到了与争夺或竞争类型相一致的模式。这些发现挑战了之前关于果蝇害虫物种间竞争效应的看法,并为害虫综合管理提供了相关信息。
Density dependent development in pest and domestic Drosophilidae species
The capacity to lay eggs inside healthy fruits rather than on decaying plant matter differentiates insect fruit pests from domestic species. This niche differentiation has been previously proposed to be an adaptation to avoid competition. We hypothesize that pest species will be more strongly affected by competition. We compare the impact of larvae density on fitness traits between Drosophila pests (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931; Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970) and domestic species (Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921; Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830). We assessed the effect of crowding on adult emergence and development time. Viability decreased gradually with density for D. immigrans and D. suzukii, while for D. melanogaster and Z. indianus it remained high. Development time increased with density; this was stronger on Zaprionus indianus and D. immigrans than on D. suzukii, which had a moderate increase, and D. melanogaster, which did not change. Contrary to expectations, the distinct patterns observed were not related to each species' domestic or pest lifestyle. In fact, patterns consistent with either scramble or contest type of competition were observed on both pest and domestic species respectively. These findings challenge prior beliefs regarding competition effects among Drosophila pest species and provide information relevant to integrated pest management.
期刊介绍:
Published since 1929, the Canadian Journal of Zoology is a monthly journal that reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.