加纳阿克拉艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病患者接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的经历

Joana Agyeman-Yeboah, E. Ricks, Margaret Williams, P. Jordan
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摘要

背景:人体免疫缺陷病毒和获得性免疫缺陷综合症(艾滋病毒和艾滋病)的流行极大地影响了非洲,尤其是加纳。这一大流行病仍然是一个公共卫生问题,特别是在获得基本药物和提高感染者生活质量方面:本研究旨在探索和描述被诊断为艾滋病毒感染者并正在接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的人的经历:方法:采用定性、探索、描述和情境设计。研究对象包括在加纳三家公立医院接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病病毒感染者。在进行了 15 次半结构化访谈后,数据达到饱和。研究人员采用克雷斯韦尔的六步数据分析法对数据进行了分析,得出了一个主主题和六个次主题:研究人员确定的主题突出了参与者在被诊断出感染艾滋病毒后的不同经历。研究发现,研究参与者在被确诊感染艾滋病毒后表示出震惊、不信、惊讶和对死亡的恐惧。参与者还经历了耻辱、歧视和排斥:有必要进一步研究歧视和污名化的程度及其对坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法的影响。需要持续开展有关艾滋病的公共教育,以限制歧视和污名化的程度:本研究强调了艾滋病毒感染者(PLHIV)所表达的与污名化和歧视相关的各种情绪。研究结果将为制定消除对艾滋病病毒感染者的歧视和侮辱的政策提供指导。
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Experiences of patients living with HIV and AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Accra, Ghana
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS) pandemic has greatly affected Africa, particularly Ghana. The pandemic remains a public health concern, particularly in terms of accessing essential medication and improving quality of life for people living with the disease.Objectives: This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of persons diagnosed and living with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy.Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used. The research population included persons diagnosed with HIV who were receiving antiretroviral therapy at three public hospitals in Ghana. Data saturation was achieved after conducting 15 semi-structured interviews. Creswell’s six steps of data analysis were used to analyse the data, which resulted in the emergence of one main theme and six sub-themes.Results: The main theme identified by the researchers highlighted the participants’ diverse experiences of being diagnosed and living with HIV. It was found that the study participants expressed shock, disbelief, surprise, and fear of death after being diagnosed with HIV. The participants also experienced stigmatisation, discrimination, and rejection.Conclusion: There is a need for further research on the extent of discrimination and stigmatisation and the effect on optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Continuous public education on HIV is required to limit the extent of discrimination and stigmatisation.Contribution: The study has highlighted the various emotions related to stigma and discrimination expressed by persons living with HIV (PLHIV). The findings will guide policy on eliminating discrimination and stigmatisation for people living with HIV.
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