{"title":"荚蒾(Syngonium podophyllum)和佩兰(Pilea peperomioides)的叶片展开和叶片生物力学。","authors":"Michelle Modert, Thomas Speck, T. Masselter","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/ad3ed4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In nature, leaves and their laminae vary in shape, appearance and unfolding behaviour. We investigated peltate leaves of two model species with peltate leaves and highly different morphology (Syngonium podophyllum and Pilea peperomioides) and two distinct unfolding patterns via time-lapse recordings: we observed successive unfolding of leaf halves in S. podophyllum and simultaneous unfolding in P. peperomioides. Furthermore, we gathered relevant morphological and biomechanical data in juvenile (unfolding) and adult (fully unfolded) plants of both species by measuring the thickness and the tensile modulus of both lamina and veins as a measure of their stiffness. In S. podophyllum, lamina and veins stiffen after unfolding, which may facilitate unfolding in the less stiff juvenile lamina. Secondary venation highly contributes to stiffness in the adult lamina of S. podophyllum, while the lamina itself withstands tensile loads best in parallel direction to secondary veins. In contrast, the leaf of P. peperomioides has a higher lamina thickness and small, non-prominent venation and is equally stiff in every region and direction, although, as is the case in S. podophyllum, thickness and stiffness increase during ontogeny of leaves from juvenile to adult. It could be shown that (changes in) lamina thickness and stiffness can be well correlated with the unfolding processes of both model plants, so that we conclude that functional lamina morphology in juvenile and adult leaf stages and the ontogenetic transition while unfolding is highly dependent on biomechanical characteristics, though other factors are also taken into consideration and discussed.","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Leaf unfolding and lamina biomechanics in Syngonium podophyllum and Pilea peperomioides.\",\"authors\":\"Michelle Modert, Thomas Speck, T. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在自然界中,叶子及其叶片的形状、外观和展开行为各不相同。我们通过延时记录研究了两种具有盾形叶片且形态差异很大的模式物种(Syngonium podophyllum 和 Pilea peperomioides)的盾形叶片以及两种不同的展开模式:我们观察到 S. podophyllum 的两半叶片连续展开,而 P. peperomioides 的两半叶片同时展开。此外,我们还通过测量叶片和叶脉的厚度和拉伸模量,收集了这两个物种的幼株(展开)和成株(完全展开)的相关形态学和生物力学数据,以衡量它们的硬度。在 S. podophyllum 中,薄片和叶脉在展开后会变硬,这可能会促进硬度较低的幼年薄片的展开。次生脉对 S. podophyllum 成叶的硬度有很大影响,而叶片本身在次生脉的平行方向上承受拉伸负荷的能力最强。与此相反,P. peperomioides 的叶片厚度较大,叶脉较小且不明显,在各个区域和方向上的硬度相同,不过与 S. podophyllum 的情况一样,叶片的厚度和硬度在从幼叶到成叶的生长过程中会增加。可以证明,叶片厚度和硬度的(变化)与这两种模式植物的展开过程密切相关,因此我们得出结论,幼叶和成叶阶段的功能叶片形态以及展开过程中的本体过渡在很大程度上取决于生物力学特征,尽管其他因素也在考虑和讨论之列。
Leaf unfolding and lamina biomechanics in Syngonium podophyllum and Pilea peperomioides.
In nature, leaves and their laminae vary in shape, appearance and unfolding behaviour. We investigated peltate leaves of two model species with peltate leaves and highly different morphology (Syngonium podophyllum and Pilea peperomioides) and two distinct unfolding patterns via time-lapse recordings: we observed successive unfolding of leaf halves in S. podophyllum and simultaneous unfolding in P. peperomioides. Furthermore, we gathered relevant morphological and biomechanical data in juvenile (unfolding) and adult (fully unfolded) plants of both species by measuring the thickness and the tensile modulus of both lamina and veins as a measure of their stiffness. In S. podophyllum, lamina and veins stiffen after unfolding, which may facilitate unfolding in the less stiff juvenile lamina. Secondary venation highly contributes to stiffness in the adult lamina of S. podophyllum, while the lamina itself withstands tensile loads best in parallel direction to secondary veins. In contrast, the leaf of P. peperomioides has a higher lamina thickness and small, non-prominent venation and is equally stiff in every region and direction, although, as is the case in S. podophyllum, thickness and stiffness increase during ontogeny of leaves from juvenile to adult. It could be shown that (changes in) lamina thickness and stiffness can be well correlated with the unfolding processes of both model plants, so that we conclude that functional lamina morphology in juvenile and adult leaf stages and the ontogenetic transition while unfolding is highly dependent on biomechanical characteristics, though other factors are also taken into consideration and discussed.
期刊介绍:
Bioinspiration & Biomimetics publishes research involving the study and distillation of principles and functions found in biological systems that have been developed through evolution, and application of this knowledge to produce novel and exciting basic technologies and new approaches to solving scientific problems. It provides a forum for interdisciplinary research which acts as a pipeline, facilitating the two-way flow of ideas and understanding between the extensive bodies of knowledge of the different disciplines. It has two principal aims: to draw on biology to enrich engineering and to draw from engineering to enrich biology.
The journal aims to include input from across all intersecting areas of both fields. In biology, this would include work in all fields from physiology to ecology, with either zoological or botanical focus. In engineering, this would include both design and practical application of biomimetic or bioinspired devices and systems. Typical areas of interest include:
Systems, designs and structure
Communication and navigation
Cooperative behaviour
Self-organizing biological systems
Self-healing and self-assembly
Aerial locomotion and aerospace applications of biomimetics
Biomorphic surface and subsurface systems
Marine dynamics: swimming and underwater dynamics
Applications of novel materials
Biomechanics; including movement, locomotion, fluidics
Cellular behaviour
Sensors and senses
Biomimetic or bioinformed approaches to geological exploration.