雨水和地下水综合开发:湄公河三角洲金瓯省水资源自给自足战略

Dang Hoa Vinh, D. Tran, D. D. Cham, Phan Thi Thanh Hang, Duong Ba Man, Danh Mon, Luu Hai Tung, Le Van Kiem, Thien Duc Nguyen, Duong Thi Ngoc Tuyen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全世界的地下水源已被过度开发用于多种用途,导致日益严重的枯竭。然而,在经济和社会欠发达的国家和地区,地下水源的补充通常并不是重点。在越南湄公河三角洲(VMD)沿海省份,由于自来水厂供水短缺和过度使用地下水,农村地区面临着淡水获取困难的问题,这凸显了对可持续发展解决方案的迫切需求。我们的研究首先对 VMD 金瓯省的 200 户家庭进行了访谈,以确定雨水收集的现状、挑战和障碍,并找到可持续的积极解决方案。然后,我们分析了 10 个气象站的日降雨量数据,用水平衡法构建了四种方案:(i) 基于现有屋顶面积的潜在雨水收集;(ii) 针对不同用水水平的最佳储水箱和集水池规模;(iii) 雨季完全利用雨水、旱季满足基本需求的储水箱规模;(iv) 雨水和地下水综合供水。研究结果表明,将雨水全部用于生活供水需要较大的蓄水池容量,这使得这些方案在不久的将来难以实现。我们的研究引入了一种新型的雨水和地下水综合供水方法,该方法已证明具有很高的有效性和可持续性。在现有水箱容量(每人 0.8 立方米)的情况下,雨水只能满足 48% 以上(每年 14 立方米)的用水需求,同时还需要额外抽取 14.8 立方米的地下水。如果每人的水箱容量为 2.4 立方米,在确保雨水收集满足基本需求的情况下,收集的雨水可满足 64% 的需求,人工补充地下水的量将超过所需开采量的 1.79 倍,而多余的雨水将极少排放到环境中。我们的研究成果不仅为金瓯镇提供了收集雨水和地下水以补充可持续生活用水的潜在解决方案,还为全球类似地区提供了范例。
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Integrated Exploitation of Rainwater and Groundwater: A Strategy for Water Self-Sufficiency in Ca Mau Province of the Mekong Delta
Groundwater sources have been exploited excessively for numerous purposes worldwide, leading to increasingly severe depletion. However, the replenishment of groundwater sources has not usually been a focus in economically and socially underdeveloped countries and regions. In coastal provinces of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), rural areas are facing difficulties in accessing fresh water due to shortages from the water supply plant and excessive use of groundwater, highlighting an urgent need for sustainable development solutions. Our study first conducted interviews with 200 households in Ca Mau Province of the VMD to identify the current situation and the challenges and obstacles of rainwater harvesting and to find sustainable and proactive solutions. We then analyzed daily rainfall data from 10 meteorological stations to construct four scenarios of the water balance method: (i) potential rainwater harvesting based on existing roof area; (ii) optimal scale of storage tank and catchments for different levels of water usage; (iii) tank scale utilizing rainwater entirely during the rainy season and basic needs during the dry season; and (iv) integrated water supply between rain and groundwater. The results showed that using rainwater entirely for domestic water supply requires large storage tank capacities, making these scenarios difficult to achieve in the near future. Our research introduces a novel integrated water supply approach to storing rain and groundwater that has demonstrated high effectiveness and sustainability. With existing tank capacities (0.8 m3 per person), rainwater could only meet over 48% (14 m3 per year) of the water demand while requiring 14.8 m3 of additional groundwater extraction. With a tank capacity of 2.4 m3 per person, ensuring rainwater harvesting meets basic demand, harvested rainwater could satisfy 64% of the demand, with artificial groundwater supplementation exceeding 1.79 times the required extraction, while excess rainwater discharge into the environment would be minimal. Our research results not only provide potential solutions for rainwater and groundwater collection to supplement sustainable domestic water sources for Ca Mau but also serve as an example for similar regions globally.
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