带状夹杂物对带矩形开口的圆柱形和圆锥形薄壳应力集中影响的数值分析

E. L. Hart, O. Semencha
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摘要

薄壁板壳结构广泛应用于各种技术领域和国民经济,特别是航空航天工业、石油和天然气工业、电力工程、建筑业等。此类结构的连续性经常会被各种不均匀性所破坏,如开口、夹杂物、凹槽、裂缝等,这些都是局部应力集中点。减少在此类结构不均匀性附近产生的应力集中是可变形固体力学中的一个重要问题。特别是,现代机械工程中新设备设计的一个紧迫问题是,考虑到新材料和新技术的使用,如何大幅降低材料消耗并延长铸件的使用寿命。这些零件决定着各行各业新设备的竞争力。本文介绍了对带有矩形开口和周围胶带夹杂物的薄壁圆柱形和截锥形壳体的应力场和应变场进行数值模拟和分析的结果。夹杂物的材料特性不同于壳体的基本材料。通过改变夹杂物材料的弹性模量和夹杂物宽度,研究了夹杂物的几何和机械特性对开口附近应力和应变场参数的影响。为明确起见,假设夹杂物是均匀的,且位于壳平面内。获得了局部应力集中区域的应力和应变强度分布。将两种形状的壳体的数值结果与圆形开口壳体的相应结果进行了比较。研究表明,无论是在圆柱形还是在圆锥形壳体中,"软 "均质带状夹杂物的存在有助于将矩形开口周围的应力集中降低 ~ (21 - 54) %,具体取决于夹杂物的宽度及其弹性模量。与圆形开口的壳体不同,在这种情况下,夹杂物的存在不会导致应力集中区从开口轮廓转移到材料界面的机械效应。
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Numerical analysis of the effect of tape inclusions on the stress concentration in thin cylindrical and conical shells with rectangular openings
Thin-walled plate-shell structures are widely used in various branches of technology and the national economy, in particular in the aerospace industry, the oil and gas industry, power engineering, construction, etc. The continuity of such structures is often disrupted by various inhomogeneities in the form of openings, inclusions, recesses, cracks, etc., which are local stress concentrators. Reducing the concentration of the stresses that develop in the vicinity of such structural inhomogeneities is an important problem in deformable solid mechanics. In particular, a pressing problem in the design of new equipment in modern mechanical engineering is a significant reduction in material consumption and an increase in the service life of cast parts taking into account the use of new materials and technologies. Such parts are responsible for the competitiveness of new equipment for various industries. This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation and analysis of the stress and strain field of thin-walled cylindrical and truncated conical shells with rectangular openings and tape inclusions around them. The material of the inclusions has properties that differ from those of the base material of the shells. The effect of the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the inclusions on the parameters of the stress and strain field in the vicinity of the openings was studied by varying the elastic modulus of the inclusion material and the inclusion width. For definiteness, the inclusions were assumed to be homogeneous and located in the shell plane. The stress and strain intensity distributions in the zones of local stress concentration were obtained. The numerical results for shells of both shapes were compared with the corresponding results for shells with a circular opening. The study showed that the presence of a “soft” homogeneous tape inclusion helps in reducing the stress concentration around rectangular openings by ~ (21 – 54) % depending on the width of the inclusion and its elastic modulus, both in cylindrical and in conical shells. Unlike shells with a circular opening, in this case the presence of inclusions does not cause the mechanical effect of shifting the stress concentration zone from the contour of the opening to the interface between the materials.
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