A closed-loop representative day selection framework for generation and transmission expansion planning with demand response

In power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy resources (RES), the inherent stochasticity and volatility of RES necessitate careful consideration in power system planning. Scenario analysis is commonly employed to address the stochastic nature in power system planning. Existing studies generally adopt an open-loop structure, where representative days are selected first and planning decisions are subsequently made. However, this method may not accurately represent the operating status of a system owing to changes in the power generation structure during the planning process. To address this limitation, this paper introduces a closed-loop framework for representative day selection within the context of generation and transmission expansion planning (G&TEP), incorporating demand response (DR). The framework comprises three layers: representative day selection, planning decisions, and long-term operational simulation. Initially, an approach for selecting representative days is proposed by combining the clustering and optimization-based methods. Subsequently, a G&TEP model that incorporates DR is presented in the second layer. Lastly, the framework encompasses a three-layer closed-loop structure, enabling dynamic adjustments and enhancements to the representative day selection process to ensure optimality. Case studies on the reliability and operational test system of a power grid with large-scale renewable integration (XJTU-ROTS) demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.