Do Entangled Polymer Chains Reptate?

Neutron spin echo spectroscopy of entangled polymer melts [M. Zamponi, et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 16220], and of tracer diffusion of short polymer chains in highly entangled polymer melt [M. Zamponi et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2021, 126, 187801.] and [M. Kruteva et al. Macromolecules 2021, 54, 11384] found the center-of-mass mean-square displacements at shorter times are subdiffusive, heterogeneous, non-Gaussian, and cooperative. These properties contradict the assumption of reptation within the tube in the tube-reptation (TR) model, but are in accord with the predictions from the many-chain cooperative dynamics in the theory of Guenza. The inadequacy of the TR model revealed by the microscopic experiments and theory motivates the author to reexamine previously published data of diffusion of entangled polymer chains from experiments and simulations used to test the TR model. The results reported in this study lead to the conclusion that the key predictions of the TR model are at variance with experimental and simulation data. The cause lies in the reptation hypothesis contradicting the cooperative nature of entangled chain diffusion proven by its dynamics being isomorphic to cooperative diffusion in other materials. The Coupling Model has predictions consistent with the cooperative diffusion properties in interacting materials [Prog. Mater. Sci., 2023, 139, 101130.]. Applied to the entangled polymers, the predictions successfully explain the data, especially those contradicting the TR model. Thus, diffusion of entangled polymer chains is a cooperative many-chain process in having the universal properties of many-body cooperative diffusion established in many other interacting materials, and the reptation hypothesis is unwarranted.