AZA 机构的公象管理:现状和未来的优先事项

IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI:10.1002/zoo.21835
Chase A. LaDue, Maura Davis, Rachel Emory, Rebecca J. Snyder
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引用次数: 0

摘要

亚洲象(Elephas maximus)和非洲草原象(Loxodonta africana)种群由动物园和水族馆协会(AZA)认可的异地设施集体管理,面临着可持续发展的挑战。加强动物福利和种群可持续性的优先事项之一是雄象管理。我们对目前饲养公象的 AZA 设施进行了一项调查,以评估公象管理的三个方面的现状、挑战和优先事项:野化、社会化和精液采集。我们在2022年11月至2023年2月期间对AZA认证机构的大象护理团队进行了调查,收到了34家机构(占AZA认证机构中饲养成年雄象的91.9%)的回复,这些机构饲养了32头成年亚洲雄象和26头成年非洲雄象。大多数机构将繁殖和雄象社会化放在首位,而不是胡须管理和精液采集(尽管大多数机构承认所有这些工作都很重要),并认为领导支持和人员配备对于实现雄象管理目标最为重要。最常见的伴随发情的行为包括食欲下降、训练或转移困难、人类引导的攻击行为以及对雌性感兴趣。不同雄性和不同设施的雄性犬的发情时间各不相同。虽然大象兼容性和设施设计是管理社会化的限制因素,但大多数雄性大象都能很好地与雌性大象和/或其他雄性大象进行社会化。虽然有 60.6% 的设施收集了精液或正在进行精液收集培训,但只有极少数雄象能可靠地提供有活力的精液样本,这对辅助繁殖工作提出了挑战,而辅助繁殖工作可以促进这两个物种的种群可持续性。总之,我们的研究结果让我们更好地了解了公象管理的现状,并提供了值得研究和开发的具体领域,以提高公象的福利和可持续性。
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Male elephant management in AZA institutions: Current status and priorities for the future
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) populations collectively managed by ex‐situ facilities accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) face sustainability challenges. Among the priorities to strengthen animal wellbeing and population sustainability is male elephant management. We conducted a survey of AZA facilities currently housing male elephants to assess the status, challenges, and priorities in three areas of male elephant management: musth, socialization, and semen collection. Surveys were administered to elephant care teams at AZA‐accredited institutions between November 2022 and February 2023, and we received responses from 34 institutions (91.9% of AZA‐accredited facilities holding adult male elephants), housing 32 adult male Asians and 26 adult male Africans. Most facilities prioritized breeding and male socialization over musth management and semen collection (although most facilities acknowledged that all these efforts are important), citing leadership support and staffing as most important to achieve male management goals. Behaviors most commonly accompanying musth included reduced appetite, difficulty training or shifting, human‐directed aggression, and interest in females. Musth timing was variable between males and facilities. Most males were well‐socialized with females and/or other males, though elephant compatibility and facility design were limiting factors in managing socialization. Although 60.6% of facilities collected semen or were training for semen collection, very few male elephants could reliably provide viable semen samples, challenging assisted reproductive efforts that could bolster population sustainability in both species. Together, our results provide a better understanding of the state of male elephant management, offering specific areas deserving of research and development to enhance wellbeing and sustainability.
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来源期刊
Zoo Biology
Zoo Biology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
15.40%
发文量
85
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Zoo Biology is concerned with reproduction, demographics, genetics, behavior, medicine, husbandry, nutrition, conservation and all empirical aspects of the exhibition and maintenance of wild animals in wildlife parks, zoos, and aquariums. This diverse journal offers a forum for effectively communicating scientific findings, original ideas, and critical thinking related to the role of wildlife collections and their unique contribution to conservation.
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