José-Manuel Serrano-Morales, Noelia Álvarez-Santaliestra, María Carmen Sánchez-González, Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, José-María Sánchez-González
{"title":"血脂异常对泪膜和睑板腺功能障碍的影响:血清脂质谱与眼表健康相互作用的横断面研究","authors":"José-Manuel Serrano-Morales, Noelia Álvarez-Santaliestra, María Carmen Sánchez-González, Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, José-María Sánchez-González","doi":"10.1155/2024/7345270","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<i>Purpose</i>. To determine the relationship between dyslipidemia and dry eye disease (DED), as well as its influence on tear film and meibomian glands. <i>Methods</i>. This cross-sectional study included 40 patients with a mean age of 35.2 ± 13.9 years without any history of dyslipidemia. DED and serum lipid profile were evaluated after 8 hours of fasting. Patients were classified according to serum lipid levels with the following cut-off values: total cholesterol (TC) (200 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (40 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (130 mg/dl), and triglycerides (TG) (150 mg/dl). The relationship between serum lipid levels and DED was analyzed with the following variables: dry eye questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5), first (F-NIBUT) and average (A-NIBUT) noninvasive breakup time, tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer grade (LLG), conjunctival bulbar redness (CBR), and upper (U-LAMG) and lower (L-LAMG) loss area of meibomian glands. <i>Results</i>. Regarding tear film, patients with elevated TC and LDL levels reported significantly higher DEQ-5 scores and TMH (<span><svg height=\"9.2729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 9.2729\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"9.2729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 9.2729\" width=\"21.918pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\"></path></g></svg>),</span></span> while those with lower HDL levels showed significantly higher LLG (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-91\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> Regarding MGD, patients with elevated TC, LDL, and TG, as well as lower HDL levels showed significantly higher L-LAMG (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-91\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> HDL was correlated with LLG (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-91\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>),</span></span> while TC was correlated with TMH (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-91\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>)</span></span> and L-LAMG (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-91\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>),</span></span> respectively. <i>Conclusions</i>. Disorders in TC, HDL, LDL, and TG levels were associated with DED, having an impact on the tear film and meibomian glands, specifically in DEQ-5 scores, LLG, and L-LAMG.","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of Dyslipidemia on Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Interplay between Serum Lipid Profile and Ocular Surface Health\",\"authors\":\"José-Manuel Serrano-Morales, Noelia Álvarez-Santaliestra, María Carmen Sánchez-González, Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, José-María Sánchez-González\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/2024/7345270\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<i>Purpose</i>. To determine the relationship between dyslipidemia and dry eye disease (DED), as well as its influence on tear film and meibomian glands. <i>Methods</i>. This cross-sectional study included 40 patients with a mean age of 35.2 ± 13.9 years without any history of dyslipidemia. DED and serum lipid profile were evaluated after 8 hours of fasting. Patients were classified according to serum lipid levels with the following cut-off values: total cholesterol (TC) (200 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (40 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (130 mg/dl), and triglycerides (TG) (150 mg/dl). The relationship between serum lipid levels and DED was analyzed with the following variables: dry eye questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5), first (F-NIBUT) and average (A-NIBUT) noninvasive breakup time, tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer grade (LLG), conjunctival bulbar redness (CBR), and upper (U-LAMG) and lower (L-LAMG) loss area of meibomian glands. <i>Results</i>. Regarding tear film, patients with elevated TC and LDL levels reported significantly higher DEQ-5 scores and TMH (<span><svg height=\\\"9.2729pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 9.2729\\\" width=\\\"19.289pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\\\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"9.2729pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 9.2729\\\" width=\\\"21.918pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\\\"></path></g></svg>),</span></span> while those with lower HDL levels showed significantly higher LLG (<span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"18.973pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-91\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"21.921pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> Regarding MGD, patients with elevated TC, LDL, and TG, as well as lower HDL levels showed significantly higher L-LAMG (<span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"18.973pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-91\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"21.921pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> HDL was correlated with LLG (<span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"18.973pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-91\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"21.921pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g></svg>),</span></span> while TC was correlated with TMH (<span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"18.973pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-91\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"21.921pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g></svg>)</span></span> and L-LAMG (<span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"18.973pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-91\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"21.921pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g></svg>),</span></span> respectively. <i>Conclusions</i>. Disorders in TC, HDL, LDL, and TG levels were associated with DED, having an impact on the tear film and meibomian glands, specifically in DEQ-5 scores, LLG, and L-LAMG.\",\"PeriodicalId\":16674,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Ophthalmology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Ophthalmology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7345270\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Ophthalmology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7345270","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of Dyslipidemia on Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Interplay between Serum Lipid Profile and Ocular Surface Health
Purpose. To determine the relationship between dyslipidemia and dry eye disease (DED), as well as its influence on tear film and meibomian glands. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 40 patients with a mean age of 35.2 ± 13.9 years without any history of dyslipidemia. DED and serum lipid profile were evaluated after 8 hours of fasting. Patients were classified according to serum lipid levels with the following cut-off values: total cholesterol (TC) (200 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (40 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (130 mg/dl), and triglycerides (TG) (150 mg/dl). The relationship between serum lipid levels and DED was analyzed with the following variables: dry eye questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5), first (F-NIBUT) and average (A-NIBUT) noninvasive breakup time, tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer grade (LLG), conjunctival bulbar redness (CBR), and upper (U-LAMG) and lower (L-LAMG) loss area of meibomian glands. Results. Regarding tear film, patients with elevated TC and LDL levels reported significantly higher DEQ-5 scores and TMH (), while those with lower HDL levels showed significantly higher LLG (). Regarding MGD, patients with elevated TC, LDL, and TG, as well as lower HDL levels showed significantly higher L-LAMG (). HDL was correlated with LLG (), while TC was correlated with TMH () and L-LAMG (), respectively. Conclusions. Disorders in TC, HDL, LDL, and TG levels were associated with DED, having an impact on the tear film and meibomian glands, specifically in DEQ-5 scores, LLG, and L-LAMG.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. Submissions should focus on new diagnostic and surgical techniques, instrument and therapy updates, as well as clinical trials and research findings.