{"title":"半乳糖胺和甘露胺是细菌和真菌胞外聚合物物质的组成部分。","authors":"Rebeca Leme Oliva, Carla Vogt, Tábata Aline Bublitz, Tessa Camenzind, Jens Dyckmans, Rainer Georg Joergensen","doi":"10.1093/ismeco/ycae038","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are produced by microorganisms and interact to form a complex matrix called biofilm. In soils, EPS are important contributors to the microbial necromass and, thus, to soil organic carbon (SOC). Amino sugars (AS) are used as indicators for microbial necromass in soil, although the origin of galactosamine and mannosamine is largely unknown. However, indications exist that they are part of EPS. In this study, two bacteria and two fungi were grown in starch medium either with or without a quartz matrix to induce EPS production. Each culture was separated in two fractions: one that directly underwent AS extraction (containing AS from both biomass and EPS), and another that first had EPS extracted, followed then by AS determination (exclusively containing AS from EPS). We did not observe a general effect of the quartz matrix neither of microbial type on AS production. The quantified amounts of galactosamine and mannosamine in the EPS fraction represented on average 100% of the total amounts of these two AS quantified in cell cultures, revealing they are integral parts of the biofilm. In contrast, muramic acid and glucosamine were also quantified in the EPS, but with much lower contribution rates to total AS production, of 18% and 33%, respectively, indicating they are not necessarily part of EPS. Our results allow a meaningful ecological interpretation of mannosamine and galactosamine data in the future as indicators of microbial EPS, and also attract interest of future studies to investigate the role of EPS to SOC and its dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73516,"journal":{"name":"ISME communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11014887/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Galactosamine and mannosamine are integral parts of bacterial and fungal extracellular polymeric substances.\",\"authors\":\"Rebeca Leme Oliva, Carla Vogt, Tábata Aline Bublitz, Tessa Camenzind, Jens Dyckmans, Rainer Georg Joergensen\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/ismeco/ycae038\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are produced by microorganisms and interact to form a complex matrix called biofilm. In soils, EPS are important contributors to the microbial necromass and, thus, to soil organic carbon (SOC). Amino sugars (AS) are used as indicators for microbial necromass in soil, although the origin of galactosamine and mannosamine is largely unknown. However, indications exist that they are part of EPS. In this study, two bacteria and two fungi were grown in starch medium either with or without a quartz matrix to induce EPS production. Each culture was separated in two fractions: one that directly underwent AS extraction (containing AS from both biomass and EPS), and another that first had EPS extracted, followed then by AS determination (exclusively containing AS from EPS). We did not observe a general effect of the quartz matrix neither of microbial type on AS production. The quantified amounts of galactosamine and mannosamine in the EPS fraction represented on average 100% of the total amounts of these two AS quantified in cell cultures, revealing they are integral parts of the biofilm. In contrast, muramic acid and glucosamine were also quantified in the EPS, but with much lower contribution rates to total AS production, of 18% and 33%, respectively, indicating they are not necessarily part of EPS. Our results allow a meaningful ecological interpretation of mannosamine and galactosamine data in the future as indicators of microbial EPS, and also attract interest of future studies to investigate the role of EPS to SOC and its dynamics.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73516,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ISME communications\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11014887/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ISME communications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae038\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ISME communications","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae038","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
胞外聚合物(EPS)由微生物产生,并相互作用形成一种称为生物膜的复杂基质。在土壤中,EPS 是微生物坏死物质的重要来源,因此也是土壤有机碳 (SOC) 的重要来源。氨基糖(AS)被用作土壤中微生物尸体的指标,尽管半乳糖胺和甘露胺的来源在很大程度上还不清楚。不过,有迹象表明它们是 EPS 的一部分。在本研究中,两种细菌和两种真菌在淀粉培养基中生长,无论是否有石英基质诱导 EPS 的产生。每个培养物被分成两部分:一部分直接进行 AS 提取(从生物质和 EPS 中都含有 AS),另一部分先提取 EPS,然后进行 AS 测定(仅从 EPS 中含有 AS)。我们没有观察到石英基质或微生物类型对 AS 产量的普遍影响。EPS部分中半乳糖胺和甘露胺的定量平均占细胞培养物中这两种AS定量总量的100%,这表明它们是生物膜不可或缺的组成部分。与此相反,EPS 中也定量检测到了氨基甲酸和氨基葡萄糖,但它们对 AS 总产量的贡献率要低得多,分别为 18% 和 33%,这表明它们不一定是 EPS 的组成部分。我们的研究结果使甘露糖胺和半乳糖胺数据作为微生物 EPS 的指标在未来能得到有意义的生态学解释,同时也引起了未来研究对 EPS 在 SOC 中的作用及其动态的兴趣。
Galactosamine and mannosamine are integral parts of bacterial and fungal extracellular polymeric substances.
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are produced by microorganisms and interact to form a complex matrix called biofilm. In soils, EPS are important contributors to the microbial necromass and, thus, to soil organic carbon (SOC). Amino sugars (AS) are used as indicators for microbial necromass in soil, although the origin of galactosamine and mannosamine is largely unknown. However, indications exist that they are part of EPS. In this study, two bacteria and two fungi were grown in starch medium either with or without a quartz matrix to induce EPS production. Each culture was separated in two fractions: one that directly underwent AS extraction (containing AS from both biomass and EPS), and another that first had EPS extracted, followed then by AS determination (exclusively containing AS from EPS). We did not observe a general effect of the quartz matrix neither of microbial type on AS production. The quantified amounts of galactosamine and mannosamine in the EPS fraction represented on average 100% of the total amounts of these two AS quantified in cell cultures, revealing they are integral parts of the biofilm. In contrast, muramic acid and glucosamine were also quantified in the EPS, but with much lower contribution rates to total AS production, of 18% and 33%, respectively, indicating they are not necessarily part of EPS. Our results allow a meaningful ecological interpretation of mannosamine and galactosamine data in the future as indicators of microbial EPS, and also attract interest of future studies to investigate the role of EPS to SOC and its dynamics.