Liver transplantation for tumor entities.

Purpose of review: Tumor entities represent an increasing indication for liver transplantation (LT). This review addresses the most contentious indications of LT in transplant oncology.

Recent findings: Patient selection based on tumor biology in LT for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) demonstrated promising long-term outcomes and preserved quality of life despite high recurrence rates. In selected cases, LT for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is feasible, with acceptable survival even in high-burden cases responsive to chemotherapy. LT following a strict neoadjuvant protocol for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) resulted in long-term outcomes consistently surpassing benchmark values, and potentially outperforming liver resection.

Summary: While preliminary results are promising, prospective trials are crucial to define applications in routine clinical practice. Molecular profiling and targeted therapies pave the way for personalized approaches, requiring evolving allocation systems for equitable LT access.