Alexiaa Sim, Hui Qing Tan, Yusuf Ali, Stephen F Burns
{"title":"原始调查:控制男性耐力跑运动员的能量供应:随机对照试验。","authors":"Alexiaa Sim, Hui Qing Tan, Yusuf Ali, Stephen F Burns","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0037","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of 4 days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation); age: 25.8 (3.8) years; fat-free mass (FFM): 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions: adequate energy availability (AEA): 45 kcal/kg FFM/day; LEA1: 30 kcal/kg FFM/day; and LEA2: 15 kcal/kg FFM/day, in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O<sub>2</sub>max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to achieve the desired energy availability. Pre- and post-measurements of bone turnover, metabolism, testosterone and estradiol (plasma), resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), and mood states (Brunel Mood Scale) were assessed. The results reported a significant decrease in testosterone (condition × time interaction, <i>p</i> = 0.03) occurred on LEA2 (Pre: 23.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.3 (7.7) nmol/L) compared with AEA (Pre: 22.9 (5.5) nmol/L vs. Post: 23.3 (6.1) nmol/L) or LEA1 (Pre: 23.6 (8.6) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.9 (8.8) nmol/L). Fatigue level significantly increased (condition × time interaction, <i>p</i> = 0.02) in LEA2 (Pre: 3.5 (1.7) vs. Post: 6.5 (2.9)) but did not change in AEA (Pre: 2.8 (1.5) vs. Post: 2.5 (2.7)) or LEA1 (Pre: 2.8(2.4) vs. Post: 2.9 (2.0)). Other measures were unaffected by the interventions. In conclusion, this study suggests that testosterone and fatigue may serve as early indicators of LEA in male runners. However, other physiological markers and mood states appeared largely unaffected, aligning with existing literature indicating minimal disruption of physiological functions during acute LEA in male athletes. Study registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial No.: 381278).</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Original investigation: manipulating energy availability in male endurance runners: a randomised controlled trial.\",\"authors\":\"Alexiaa Sim, Hui Qing Tan, Yusuf Ali, Stephen F Burns\",\"doi\":\"10.1139/apnm-2024-0037\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of 4 days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation); age: 25.8 (3.8) years; fat-free mass (FFM): 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions: adequate energy availability (AEA): 45 kcal/kg FFM/day; LEA1: 30 kcal/kg FFM/day; and LEA2: 15 kcal/kg FFM/day, in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O<sub>2</sub>max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to achieve the desired energy availability. Pre- and post-measurements of bone turnover, metabolism, testosterone and estradiol (plasma), resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), and mood states (Brunel Mood Scale) were assessed. The results reported a significant decrease in testosterone (condition × time interaction, <i>p</i> = 0.03) occurred on LEA2 (Pre: 23.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.3 (7.7) nmol/L) compared with AEA (Pre: 22.9 (5.5) nmol/L vs. Post: 23.3 (6.1) nmol/L) or LEA1 (Pre: 23.6 (8.6) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.9 (8.8) nmol/L). Fatigue level significantly increased (condition × time interaction, <i>p</i> = 0.02) in LEA2 (Pre: 3.5 (1.7) vs. Post: 6.5 (2.9)) but did not change in AEA (Pre: 2.8 (1.5) vs. Post: 2.5 (2.7)) or LEA1 (Pre: 2.8(2.4) vs. Post: 2.9 (2.0)). Other measures were unaffected by the interventions. In conclusion, this study suggests that testosterone and fatigue may serve as early indicators of LEA in male runners. However, other physiological markers and mood states appeared largely unaffected, aligning with existing literature indicating minimal disruption of physiological functions during acute LEA in male athletes. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究调查了四天低能量可用性(LEA)对男性耐力跑运动员生理指标和情绪状态的影响。12 名参与者(平均值(标准差);年龄:25.8(3.8)岁;无脂肪重量(FFM):52.8(5.5)千克)完成了三个为期 4 天的条件:参与者按随机顺序完成三个为期 4 天的条件:充足能量供应(AEA:45 千卡/千克FFM/天;LEA1:30 千卡/千克FFM/天;LEA2:15 千卡/千克FFM/天)。参与者在跑步机上以 65% 的 V̇O2max 速度跑步,直到消耗掉 15 千卡/千克 FFM/天的能量。能量摄入量经过调整,以达到预期的 EA。对骨质流失、新陈代谢、睾酮和雌二醇(血浆)、静息代谢率(间接热量测定法)和情绪状态(布鲁内尔情绪量表)进行了前后测量。结果表明,LEA2 的睾酮明显下降(条件 × 时间交互作用,p=0.03)(前:23.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs 后:20.3 (7.7) nmol/L vs 前:20.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs 后:20.3 (7.7) nmol/L):20.3 (7.7) nmol/L)与 AEA(前:22.9 (5.5) nmol/L vs 后:23.3 (6.1) nmol/L)相比:23.3 (6.1) nmol/L)或 LEA1(前:23.6 (8.6) nmol/L vs 后:20.9 (8.8) nmol/L)相比:20.9 (8.8) nmol/L)。疲劳程度在 LEA2(前:3.5 (1.7) vs 后:6.5 (2.9) )中明显增加(条件 × 时间交互作用,p=0.02):6.5 (2.9)),但 AEA(前:2.8 (1.5) vs 后:2.5 (2.7) )没有变化:2.5 (2.7))或 LEA1(前:2.8(2.4) vs 后:2.9 (2.0)2.9 (2.0)).其他指标不受干预措施的影响。总之,这项研究表明,睾酮和疲劳可作为男性跑步者 LEA 的早期指标。然而,其他生理指标和情绪状态似乎基本未受影响,这与现有文献表明男性运动员在急性 LEA 期间生理功能受到最小干扰的观点一致。
Original investigation: manipulating energy availability in male endurance runners: a randomised controlled trial.
This study investigated the effect of 4 days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation); age: 25.8 (3.8) years; fat-free mass (FFM): 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions: adequate energy availability (AEA): 45 kcal/kg FFM/day; LEA1: 30 kcal/kg FFM/day; and LEA2: 15 kcal/kg FFM/day, in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O2max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to achieve the desired energy availability. Pre- and post-measurements of bone turnover, metabolism, testosterone and estradiol (plasma), resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), and mood states (Brunel Mood Scale) were assessed. The results reported a significant decrease in testosterone (condition × time interaction, p = 0.03) occurred on LEA2 (Pre: 23.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.3 (7.7) nmol/L) compared with AEA (Pre: 22.9 (5.5) nmol/L vs. Post: 23.3 (6.1) nmol/L) or LEA1 (Pre: 23.6 (8.6) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.9 (8.8) nmol/L). Fatigue level significantly increased (condition × time interaction, p = 0.02) in LEA2 (Pre: 3.5 (1.7) vs. Post: 6.5 (2.9)) but did not change in AEA (Pre: 2.8 (1.5) vs. Post: 2.5 (2.7)) or LEA1 (Pre: 2.8(2.4) vs. Post: 2.9 (2.0)). Other measures were unaffected by the interventions. In conclusion, this study suggests that testosterone and fatigue may serve as early indicators of LEA in male runners. However, other physiological markers and mood states appeared largely unaffected, aligning with existing literature indicating minimal disruption of physiological functions during acute LEA in male athletes. Study registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial No.: 381278).