对新西兰奶牛场农场主报告的临床乳腺炎进行观察研究。

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES New Zealand veterinary journal Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI:10.1080/00480169.2024.2344566
G Chambers, R Laven, A Grinberg, A Ridler, N Velathanthiri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:描述新西兰奶牛场牧场主报告的临床乳腺炎的发病率、病因、治疗和结果:在 2022-2023 年期间,对 20 个春季产羔的新西兰绵羊挤奶场进行了前瞻性队列研究。临床乳腺炎的定义是牛奶外观发生变化和/或腺体出现炎症迹象。牧场主必须报告所有临床乳腺炎病例,并收集受影响母羊的人口统计学特征、临床特征、治疗方法(如适用)和结果等信息。来自乳腺炎腺体的牛奶样本被送去进行微生物培养,并通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF)进行鉴定:18/20个研究牧场的221头母羊的236个病例均有部分或完整的临床乳腺炎数据。在牧场层面,0-6%的母羊被诊断为临床乳腺炎,使用研究数据,总发病率为 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0-3.2)%,使用研究数据和包括未报告病例在内的牧场主估计值,总发病率为 2.3 (95% CI = 1.6-3.3)%。病例大多发生在哺乳早期,59%的病例是在产羔期(8-10 月)发现的,中位数为在乳 7 天(IQR 3-40)。大多数病例的特点是乳汁中有凝块(59%)、肿胀(55%)和腺体凹凸不平(71%)。25%的病例被诊断为热病(直肠温度≥ 40.0°C),26%的病例被诊断为抑郁症(嗜睡、不合群或无法站立)。46%的病例接受了治疗,最常用的治疗方法是泰乐菌素(占治疗病例的50%)。最常见的结果是奶牛立即干死,无需治疗即可宰杀(32%),其次是仍在挤奶并恢复健康,但问题持续存在(25%)。在提交的所有牛奶样本中,近一半的样本培养呈阴性。最常见的分离菌是小葡萄球菌(14%)、非金黄色葡萄球菌(12%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(11%),在 16 个提供微生物数据的牧场中,分别有 12 个、8 个和 8 个牧场发现了这些分离菌:临床乳腺炎影响到 6% 的牧场母羊。四分之一的患病母羊出现全身症状,这表明支持性治疗的作用。临床乳腺炎可能很严重,新西兰奶羊很难完全治愈:这是首次对新西兰乳用母羊的临床乳腺炎进行系统研究。它为牧场主、兽医和其他顾问提供了针对新西兰条件的基础信息,以指导新西兰相对较新的奶羊产业对乳腺炎的管理。
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An observational study of farmer-reported clinical mastitis in New Zealand dairy ewes.

Aims: To describe the incidence, aetiology, treatment, and outcomes of farmer-reported clinical mastitis on New Zealand dairy sheep farms.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 20 spring-lambing New Zealand sheep milking farms over the 2022-2023 season. Clinical mastitis was defined as a change in the appearance of milk and/or signs of inflammation in the gland. Farmers were required to report all cases of clinical mastitis and collect information on affected ewes' demographics, clinical features, treatments (where applicable), and outcomes. Milk samples from mastitic glands were submitted for microbiological culture and identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).

Results: Partial or complete clinical mastitis data were available for 236 cases from 221 ewes on 18/20 study farms. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 0-6% of ewes at the farm level, with an overall incidence of 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0-3.2)% using the study data, or 2.3 (95% CI = 1.6-3.3)% using the study data and farmer estimates that included unreported cases. Cases occurred mostly in early lactation, with 59% detected during the lambing period (August-October), at a median of 7 (IQR 3, 40) days in milk. The majority of cases featured clots in the milk (59%), swelling (55%), and unevenness (71%) of the glands. Pyrexia (rectal temperature 40.0°C) was diagnosed in 25% of cases and depression (lethargy, inappetence, or inability to stand) in 26% of cases. Treatment was given to 46% of cases, with tylosin being the most commonly used treatment (50% of treated cases). The most common outcome was immediate drying off to be culled without treatment (32%), followed by still milking and recovered but with lasting problems (25%). Nearly half of all the milk samples submitted were culture negative. Streptococcus uberis (14%), non-aureus staphylococci (12%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11%) were the most common isolates, found on 12, 8 and 8 of the 16 farms with microbiological data, respectively.

Conclusions: Clinical mastitis affected up to 6% of ewes at the farm level. Systemic signs were observed in one quarter of affected ewes, suggesting a role for supportive treatment. Clinical mastitis can be severe and challenging to fully resolve in New Zealand dairy sheep.

Clinical relevance: This is the first systematic study of clinical mastitis in New Zealand dairy ewes. It provides baseline information specific to New Zealand conditions for farmers, veterinarians, and other advisors to guide the management of mastitis for the relatively new dairy sheep industry in New Zealand.

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来源期刊
New Zealand veterinary journal
New Zealand veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The New Zealand Veterinary Journal (NZVJ) is an international journal publishing high quality peer-reviewed articles covering all aspects of veterinary science, including clinical practice, animal welfare and animal health. The NZVJ publishes original research findings, clinical communications (including novel case reports and case series), rapid communications, correspondence and review articles, originating from New Zealand and internationally. Topics should be relevant to, but not limited to, New Zealand veterinary and animal science communities, and include the disciplines of infectious disease, medicine, surgery and the health, management and welfare of production and companion animals, horses and New Zealand wildlife. All submissions are expected to meet the highest ethical and welfare standards, as detailed in the Journal’s instructions for authors.
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