Petrogenesis of the Bastielieke W-mineralized granitic pluton in the Altai orogen, NW China

Granitic magmatism of the Altai orogen is the key to understanding the tectonic evolution and metallogeny in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (COAB). In this paper, we conducted comprehensive petrological, geochronological and geochemical investigations on the Bastielieke granitic pluton in the Altai orogen. Zircon U–Pb dating shows an emplacement age of 278–270 Ma for the pluton. Granites of the Bastielieke pluton have S-type granitic affinity and have Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents (76.6–272 ppm), A/CNK ratios > 1.1, and K₂O > Na₂O. The low ε_Nd(t) (−2.8 to + 2.9) and high ε_Hf(t) (+7.6 to + 15.9) values with Nd-Hf isotope decoupling, invariable Pb isotopes, and moderate zircon δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW values suggest crustal recycling of sedimentary rocks in a syn- to post-collision setting. In addition, the pluton is spatially related to the tungsten (W) deposit and also temporally consistent with the mineralization age of 284 ± 6 Ma, indicating a genetic link between the Early Permian magmatism and mineralization in Bastielieke. Furthermore, the source rocks of the pluton which are sedimentary rocks and abundant in W, provide the material basis for the initial enrichment of W in primary magmas. Given high Rb/Sr (>3) and low K/Rb ratios (<2 0 0), we interpret that the pluton has experienced high differentiation. Our studies propose that the termination of the subduction-accretion of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the initiation of a syn- to post-collision regime for the Altai orogen are probably at the Early Permian.