SCNT 卵母细胞中的染色体分离

IF 12.1 1区 医学 Q1 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Nature Reviews Urology Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI:10.1038/s41585-024-00895-7
Louise Lloyd
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引用次数: 0

摘要

体外配子发生是从二倍体体细胞中产生功能性单倍体配子的,这项新研究推动了同性关系中的男性和没有自己卵子的人拥有亲生孩子的可能性。在之前的原理验证实验中,作者们发现体细胞基因组中的单倍体可以通过细胞过早分裂诱导出来,他们报告说,利用成熟的卵母细胞,采用改良的体细胞核移植(SCNT)技术,成功地从体细胞中产生了单倍体染色体。主要研究人员舒克拉特-米塔利波夫(Shoukhrat Mitalipov)说:"传统的SCNT会产生无法与精子受精的二倍体卵子,"他接着说:"因此,我们开发并在SCNT方法中增加了一种实验性还原细胞分裂,它能使二倍体体细胞的倍性降低,并产生单倍体SCNT卵母细胞。"在这种经过调整的 SCNT 方法中,体细胞核被转移到有核、分裂期减数分裂 II(MII)停止的卵母细胞中。这些卵母细胞中的分裂期活动会诱导细胞过早分裂,从而绕过 S 期,使移植的 G0-G1 二倍体体细胞基因组倍性降低。在这种 SCNT 方法中,体细胞染色体具有来自二倍体 G0-G1 体细胞核的假减数分裂轴,由两条单染色单体组成,这些染色单体可在受精时分离。受精时,体细胞染色体分离成假极体2和雌性代核,精子基因组形成雄性代核。由此产生的含有体细胞和精子代核的小鼠合子能够发育成二倍体囊胚、胚胎干细胞和活体后代,但效率很低。然而,在这些最初的实验中,还不清楚影响纺锤体基因突变中纺锤体组织和染色体分离的机制和因素。
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Chromosome segregation in SCNT oocytes
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Urology
Nature Reviews Urology 医学-泌尿学与肾脏学
CiteScore
12.50
自引率
2.60%
发文量
123
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Urology is part of the Nature Reviews portfolio of journals.Nature Reviews' basic, translational and clinical content is written by internationally renowned basic and clinical academics and researchers. This journal targeted readers in the biological and medical sciences, from the postgraduate level upwards, aiming to be accessible to professionals in any biological or medical discipline. The journal features authoritative In-depth Reviews providing up-to-date information on topics within a field's history and development. Perspectives, News & Views articles, and the Research Highlights section offer topical discussions and opinions, filtering primary research from various medical journals. Covering a wide range of subjects, including andrology, urologic oncology, and imaging, Nature Reviews provides valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and academics within urology and related fields.
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