Hannah L Schoenberg, Samantha K Moriarty, Neil E Winterbauer, Sayamwong E Hammack, Donna J Toufexis, Travis P Todd
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Therefore, in Experiments 1 and 2, we directly compared fear renewal in males and females (Experiment 1) as well as ovariectomized (OVX) females (Experiment 2) when conditioning occurred in Context A, extinction in B, and testing in A (ABA renewal). Experiments 3 and 4 examined renewal when conditioning and extinction occurred in A and testing occurred in B (AAB renewal). In all experiments, renewal was not significantly different between male and female rats. Further, in Experiments 2 and 4, renewal did not differ between males, intact females, and OVX females. Additionally, in each experiment, there was no evidence that context excitation and/or inhibition contributed to renewal; instead suggesting that renewal was controlled by an occasion-setting mechanism. Overall, these results suggest little evidence for the role of sex in renewal of conditioned freezing and also indicate that cycling ovarian hormones have little role in the strength of renewal in female rats. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
当条件刺激(CS)在没有非条件刺激(US)的情况下重复出现时,巴甫洛夫的条件消除会降低条件反射的表现。然而,当条件刺激在不同于消退的情境中出现时,条件反射就会恢复,这种现象被称为条件反射的恢复。有证据表明,食欲条件反射的恢复受性别影响,雌性动物不会表现出恢复反应。此外,最近有证据表明,雌性大鼠也可能不会出现恐惧更新。在食欲条件反射和恐惧条件反射中,雌性大鼠缺乏更新反应被认为与卵巢激素的周期性变化有关。因此,在实验 1 和 2 中,我们直接比较了雄性大鼠和雌性大鼠(实验 1)以及卵巢切除(OVX)雌性大鼠(实验 2)在 A 情境中发生条件反射、在 B 情境中消失以及在 A 情境中进行测试(ABA 更新)时的恐惧更新情况。实验 3 和 4 考察了在 A 情境中进行条件反射和绝育,在 B 情境中进行测试(AAB 更新)时的更新情况。在所有实验中,雄性大鼠和雌性大鼠的更新没有明显差异。此外,在实验 2 和 4 中,雄性大鼠、完整雌性大鼠和卵巢切除雌性大鼠的更新没有差异。此外,在每个实验中,都没有证据表明情境兴奋和/或抑制有助于更新;相反,这表明更新是由场合设置机制控制的。总之,这些结果几乎没有证据表明性别在条件冻结的更新中起作用,也表明周期性卵巢激素对雌性大鼠的更新强度几乎没有作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
Renewal of conditioned fear in male and female rats.
Pavlovian extinction reduces the performance of conditioned responses and occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (US). However, when the CS is experienced in a context that is different from the extinction context, there is a recovery of the conditioned response, a phenomenon known as renewal. There is some evidence that the renewal of appetitive conditioning is influenced by sex, with females failing to exhibit renewed responding. Further, there is recent evidence that renewal of fear might also not occur in female rats. In both appetitive and fear preparations, the lack of renewal in females has been postulated to be related to cycling ovarian hormones. Therefore, in Experiments 1 and 2, we directly compared fear renewal in males and females (Experiment 1) as well as ovariectomized (OVX) females (Experiment 2) when conditioning occurred in Context A, extinction in B, and testing in A (ABA renewal). Experiments 3 and 4 examined renewal when conditioning and extinction occurred in A and testing occurred in B (AAB renewal). In all experiments, renewal was not significantly different between male and female rats. Further, in Experiments 2 and 4, renewal did not differ between males, intact females, and OVX females. Additionally, in each experiment, there was no evidence that context excitation and/or inhibition contributed to renewal; instead suggesting that renewal was controlled by an occasion-setting mechanism. Overall, these results suggest little evidence for the role of sex in renewal of conditioned freezing and also indicate that cycling ovarian hormones have little role in the strength of renewal in female rats. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).