作为断言和哀歌的阿迪瓦西文字:女性主义视角以及对宗教皈依和保留的批判

Mohan Dharavath, Neetha Rani
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摘要

本文探讨了阿迪瓦西族作家纳拉扬的作品《科查雷蒂:阿拉亚女人》如何成为阿迪瓦西族文学中的一部重要作品,因为这部作品展现了一个社区、家庭和个人的生活世界。Kocharethi 是一个关于喀拉拉邦 Malayaraya Adivasi 社区与他们的土地和土地所有权的亲密关系的故事。科恰雷蒂》讲述的是他们遭受剥削、贫困、流离失所和被抹杀的故事,以及他们与现代性的互动和协商。从没有政治意识、语言、形式和内容的意义上讲,这不是一部公开的政治性作品,但通过以阿迪瓦西人的生活世界为中心,它在主要关注上层种姓印度人的文学界中取得了政治性的成就。从某种程度上说,《Kocharethi》是对阿迪瓦西族群,尤其是马拉亚拉亚人自主身份的宣示。因此,本文深入探讨了阿迪瓦西人身份、基督教和印度教之间的复杂关系,以及这些宗教是如何将人们非人化并仅以其自身的条件接受这些人的。文章探讨了有关平权行动的重要论点,如为达利特人和阿迪瓦西人保留名额的政策,以及马拉亚拉亚社区经历的转变之一,即皈依基督教。说到该社区的妇女,情况就更加复杂了。因此,本文也试图从女性主义的角度重新解读喀拉拉邦第一位阿迪瓦西族小说家纳拉扬的作品,同时又不破坏其在阿迪瓦西族文学中独特而重要的地位。它进一步探讨了阿迪瓦西妇女,特别是马拉亚拉亚妇女的问题,还分析了文本中描绘的父权制结构。随后还探讨了该社区因现代性而发生的转变。
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Adivasi Text as an Assertion and a Lament: A Feminist Perspective and a Critique of Religious Conversion and Reservations
This article explores the ways in which Kocharethi: The Araya Woman by Adivasi writer Narayan is a significant work in Adivasi literature in the way that it opens the life-world of a community, family and individuals. Kocharethi is a story about the intimate ways in which the Malayaraya Adivasi community of Kerala relates to their land and its ownership. Kocharethi is about their exploitation, impoverishment, displacement and erasure and their interaction and negotiation with modernity. It is not an overtly political piece of writing in the sense that it does not incorporate political consciousness, language, form and content, but by centring the Adivasi life-world, it attains a political feat within a literary industry that focuses primarily on the upper-caste Hindus. In a way, Kocharethi is an assertion of the autonomous identity of the Adivasi communities in general and the Malayaraya people in particular. This article therefore engages with complex insights into the relationship between the Adivasi identity, Christianity and Hinduism and how these religions have dehumanized and accepted the people within the fold only on their own terms. The article looks into the important arguments about affirmative action, such as the policy of reservation for Dalits and Adivasis, and one of the transformations that the Malayaraya community underwent, that of conversion to Christianity. When it comes to the women of this community, it is even more complex. Hence, this article is also an attempt to reread the text by Kerala’s first Adivasi novelist, Narayan, from a feminist perspective without undermining the unique and significant position that it holds in Adivasi literature. It further looks at the issues of Adivasi women, specifically the Malayaraya women, and also analyses the patriarchal structure that is depicted in the text. The transition that the community makes due to modernity is placed subsequently.
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