希帕克斯的塞勒涅里翁和两对月食的重新审视

IF 0.7 2区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI:10.1007/s00407-024-00330-8
S. Mohammad Mozaffari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

托勒密报告了希帕克观测到的三次有日期的月食,还提到了另外两次月食,但没有指明是哪两次,希帕克将这两次月食与早先的两次月食(显然是在美索不达米亚观测到的)进行了比较,以评估巴比伦时期月球运动关系的有效性。此外,在老普林尼的《自然史》中,我们得知希帕克斯曾报告(观测?G.J. Toomer 于 1980 年发表的一篇论文显示,几乎可以肯定的是,这两对月食分别发生在 "公元前 486 年 1 月 31 日和公元前 141 年 1 月 27 日 "以及 "公元前 502 年 11 月 19 日和公元前 157 年 11 月 14 日";如果希帕克斯在罗得岛的圣斯蒂芬山进行观测,那么月落时的月食最有可能是公元前 142 年 2 月 7 日的月食、尽管他也有机会在岛上海拔足够高的山上观测到其他四次月食,分别发生在公元前 150 年 7 月 3 日、公元前 145 年 4 月 10 日、公元前 139 年 11 月 26 日和公元前 138 年 11 月 15 日。
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Hipparchus’ selenelion and two pairs of lunar eclipses revisited

Ptolemy reports three dated lunar eclipses observed by Hipparchus, and also refers to two more, without identifying them, which Hipparchus compared with two earlier counterparts (apparently, observed in Mesopotamia) to assess the validity of the Babylonian period relations of the lunar motion. Also, in Pliny the Elder’s Historia naturalis, we are told that a horizontal lunar eclipse (selenelion) at sunrise and moonset was reported (observed?) by Hipparchus. Reviewing a paper by G.J. Toomer in 1980, it is shown that the pairs of the eclipses were, almost certainly, the ones occurring on “31 January 486 b.c. and 27 January 141 b.c.” and “19 November 502 b.c. and 14 November 157 b.c.”; and if Hipparchus observed from St. Stephen’s Hill in Rhodes, the most probable candidate for the selenelion at moonset was the lunar eclipse of 7 February 142 b.c., although he also had the chance to observe any of the four others, occurring on 3 July 150 b.c., 10 April 145 b.c., 26 November 139 b.c., and 15 November 138 b.c., on a sufficiently elevated mountain on the island.

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来源期刊
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Archive for History of Exact Sciences 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Archive for History of Exact Sciences casts light upon the conceptual groundwork of the sciences by analyzing the historical course of rigorous quantitative thought and the precise theory of nature in the fields of mathematics, physics, technical chemistry, computer science, astronomy, and the biological sciences, embracing as well their connections to experiment. This journal nourishes historical research meeting the standards of the mathematical sciences. Its aim is to give rapid and full publication to writings of exceptional depth, scope, and permanence.
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