调查尤卡坦半岛一个脆弱热带喀斯特湖泊的形态和水文气象变化:巴卡拉尔泻湖

Laura Carrillo, Mario Yescas, Mario Oscar Nieto-Oropeza, M. Elías-Gutiérrez, J. C. Alcérreca‐Huerta, E. Palacios-Hernández, O. F. Reyes-Mendoza
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引用次数: 0

摘要

巴卡拉尔泻湖是墨西哥最大的热带喀斯特湖泊,也是尤卡坦半岛一个重要的水生系统,但缺乏对其形态测量和水文气象的全面研究。本研究对其水深测量、形态测量和水文气象特征进行了详细分析。该湖主盆地长 52.7 千米,宽 0.18 千米至 2.28 千米不等。湖泊容积为 5.544 亿立方米,平均水深为 8.85 米,北部水深达 26 米,南部以湖底岩溶为主,水深分别为 38 米、48.5 米和 63.6 米。研究显示,表层水温的季节性变化与空气温度密切相关(r = 0.89),水位对水文气象事件有直接反应。水位波动还呈现出与区域含水层条件相关的季节性模式,在季节性降雨之后滞后 2 个月。降雨量和水位也存在年际变化。2010 年至 2012 年,由于长期的拉尼娜现象,降雨量一直低于平均气候值,而 2020 年的异常潮湿也与拉尼娜现象有关。极端反常的水文气象事件,如 2020 年克里斯托巴尔热带风暴后的水文气象事件,揭示了巴卡拉尔泻湖的脆弱性,导致湖水颜色和透明度发生显著变化,从典型的低营养状态转为富营养化状态,并持续一年以上。这些颜色变化引发了人们对影响热带喀斯特地区生态健康因素的疑问。2020 年影响基本法水质的其他因素,如森林砍伐、海岸线变化和城市发展,值得进一步研究。我们的研究可以作为一个起点。
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Investigating the Morphometry and Hydrometeorological Variability of a Fragile Tropical Karstic Lake of the Yucatán Peninsula: Bacalar Lagoon
Comprehensive morphometric and hydrometeorological studies on Bacalar Lagoon, Mexico’s largest tropical karstic lake and a significant aquatic system of the Yucatán Peninsula, are lacking. This study provides a detailed analysis of its bathymetry, morphometry, and hydrometeorological characteristics. The lake’s main basin stretches more than 52.7 km in length, with widths varying from 0.18 km to 2.28 km. It has a volume of 554.4 million cubic meters, with an average depth of 8.85 m, reaching depths of up to 26 m in the north and featuring sub-lacustrine dolines in the south, with depths of 38 m, 48.5 m, and 63.6 m. The study reveals seasonal variations in surface water temperature, closely linked to air temperature (r = 0.89), and immediate responses of water levels to hydrometeorological events. Water level fluctuations also exhibit seasonal patterns that are correlated with regional aquifer conditions, with a lag of 2 months after seasonal rainfall. Interannual variability in rainfall and water levels was observed. From 2010 to 2012, rainfall consistently remained below its mean climatic value, due to a prolonged La Niña event, while the exceptionally wet conditions in 2020 were also associated with La Niña. Extreme and anomalous hydrometeorological events, such as those following tropical storm Cristobal in 2020, revealed the fragility of Bacalar Lagoon, causing a notable transformation in lake color and transparency, shifting it from its typical oligotrophic state to eutrophic conditions that lasted longer than a year. These color changes raise questions about the factors impacting ecological health in tropical karstic regions. Additional factors affecting water quality in the BL in 2020, such as deforestation, coastline changes, and urban growth, warrant further investigation. Our study can serve as a starting landmark.
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