利用侧向河道运动数据作为替代物,重建长期、河段尺度的沉积物预算:匈牙利蒂萨河低地河段案例研究

T´ımea Kiss, Marcell Tóth, Gergely T. Török, G. Sipos
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摘要

人类对河流泥沙输运的影响以世纪为单位。我们的目标是利用横向河道过程的速率作为替代,重建一条低地河流(匈牙利蒂萨河中游)在历史尺度上(1838-2017 年)的沉积物预算(SB)变化。总沉积物预算(GSB)指侵蚀和堆积表面的总面积,净沉积物预算(NSB)表示沉积物汇或源的特征。起初(1838-1890 年),人工截流增加了坡度和河道侵蚀,但侵蚀的泥沙沉积在牛背上,因此该河段充当了泥沙汇(NSB:+0.1-0.8 m2/m/y)。随后(1890-1929 年),形成了一种准平衡状态(NSB:-0.2 平方米/平方米/年至 +0.4 平方米/平方米/年)。之后(1929-1976 年),堤岸保护阻碍了横向侵蚀,因此该系统再次成为沉积汇(NSB:+0.1-0.7 平方米/平方米/年)。最后(1976-2017 年),由于大坝建设和护岸坍塌,侵蚀过程加快,现在河流成为泥沙源(NSB:-0.03 至 -0.08 m2/m/y)。这项研究证明:(1) 实际 SB 无法进行长期预测,因为它已被严重改变;(2) 可以用横向河道变化来估算长期 SB。
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Reconstruction of a Long-Term, Reach-Scale Sediment Budget Using Lateral Channel Movement Data as a Proxy: A Case Study on the Lowland Section of the Tisza River, Hungary
Humans have influenced the sediment transport of rivers on a centurial scale. Our goal was to use the rate of lateral channel processes as a proxy to reconstruct sediment budget (SB) changes of a lowland river (Middle Tisza, Hungary) on a historical scale (1838–2017). The gross sediment budget (GSB) refers to the total area of eroded and accumulated surfaces, and the net sediment budget (NSB) indicates the sediment sink or source characteristics. At the beginning (1838–1890), the artificial cut-offs increased the slope and channel erosion, but the eroded sediment deposited in the oxbows, so the reach acted as a sediment sink (NSB: +0.1–0.8 m2/m/y). Then (1890–1929), a quasi-equilibrium state developed (NSB: −0.2 m2/m/y to +0.4 m2/m/y). Later (1929–1976), the bank protections impeded lateral erosion, so the system became a sediment sink again (NSB: +0.1–0.7 m2/m/y). Finally (1976–2017), the erosional processes accelerated due to dam construction and revetment collapses, and now the river is a sediment source (NSB: −0.03 to −0.08 m2/m/y). This study proved that (1) the actual SB could not be projected in the long term, as it was heavily modified, and (2) lateral channel changes could be used as a proxy to estimate long-term SB.
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