坦桑尼亚农村地区的资源获取斗争:在以社区为基础的森林保护干预中争取认可

M. Mabele, Ulrike Müller-Böker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文从获取、权利主张和批判性环境正义奖学金中汲取灵感,揭示基于社区的保护(CBC)可如何为边缘化个人提供战略机遇,使其获得认可。我们以坦桑尼亚基洛萨农村地区的一个可持续木炭项目为基础,进行了实证研究。在我们研究的村庄 Ihombwe 和 Ulaya Mbuyuni,该项目为边缘化群体提供了一个机会,使他们能够基于有争议的迁徙和定居历史要求得到认可。这些历史造成了社区内部的分化,因为初来乍到者(错误地)利用该项目来获得政治统治、文化地位和物质利益。当该项目开放治理空间时,后到者接受了 CBC 体制和程序,将其作为反驳边缘化和要求承认的战略机会。我们认为,在一些人对土地的归属感高于其他人的情况下,对资源使用权的(不当)承认可能会产生社区生物多样性项目的政治效益。
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Struggles over Resource Access in Rural Tanzania: Claiming for Recognition in a Community-Based Forest Conservation Intervention
This article draws insights from access, claim-making and critical environmental justice scholarships to reveal how community-based conservation (CBC) may provide strategic openings for marginalised individuals to claim recognition. Empirically, we ground it in the context of a Sustainable Charcoal Project in rural Kilosa, Tanzania. In our study villages, Ihombwe and Ulaya Mbuyuni, the project provided an opening for the marginalised to claim recognition based on contested migration-and-settlement histories. These histories produced intra-community differentiation as firstcomers (mis)used the project for political domination, cultural status and material benefits. When the project opened governance spaces, latecomers embraced CBC institutions and processes as strategic openings to contest their marginalisation and claim for recognition. We suggest that CBC may produce political benefits where (mal)recognition of rights to resource access occurs as some people hold a sense of belonging more to the land than others.
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