浅层沉积盆地的一维场地响应分析适用性:通过基于物理的三维地动模拟进行重要评估

IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1002/eqe.4142
Junfei Huang, David McCallen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一维场地响应分析(1D SRA)仍是考虑当地土壤沉积影响和预测特定场地地震动的标准方法,尽管其对现实地震波场的适用范围仍存在疑问。在这种一维方法中,水平和垂直地震动被假定分别由垂直传播的剪切波和压缩波引起。最近一项基于二维(2D)平面波分析和简单点源地震模拟的研究表明,对于一般倾斜地震波,这种一维建模技术存在两个机理上的局限性,即对垂直运动的系统性过度预测和一维土柱中的波陷阱。在这篇文章中,我们详细评估了这种一维建模方法对浅层沉积盆地中逼真的三维(3D)模拟地震波场的适用性。使用两种实践中常用的输入运动类型--岩石露头运动和柱内运动--进行线性-粘弹性一维 SRA 预测,并将其与三维地震模拟的参考真实场地响应结果在频域和时域方面进行了比较。结果表明,三维地震波场中的水平运动表现出主要的剪切波传播现象,而垂直运动是压缩波和剪切波的综合效应,当入射地震波倾斜时,一维方法可能会过度预测。本文提供了导致垂直运动预测过度的波折射过程的直接证据。与真正的三维场地响应方案相比,由于陷波,柱内输入的一维 SRA 可产生持续时间明显更长的运动,这使人们对现有场地研究中经常需要增加土壤阻尼以补偿仅由散射引起的波衰减产生怀疑。通过乘数 Dmul 增加土壤剖面阻尼的灵敏度调查显示,Dmul 值与文献中发现的水平和垂直运动值相一致。结果表明,为使频谱加速度达到最佳匹配而优化的 Dmul 水平取决于输入运动的特性,垂直分量通常需要较大的 Dmul。与此相反,由于无法捕捉盆地边缘产生的表面波,使用露头运动的 1D SRA 预测的运动显著持续时间较短。为了评估观测结果对盆地地质结构(包括速度梯度、岩盆阻抗对比和盆地深度)的敏感性,进行了一系列地动模拟。分析结果表明,简化的一维程序的准确性取决于输入运动的波场组成和真正的三维现场响应解。虽然一阶简化一维方法可以合理地捕捉浅层沉积盆地的水平运动,但垂直分量的一维 SRA 一般并不可靠,在针对具体地点评估垂直设计地面运动时,应考虑倾斜剪切波的贡献。
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Applicability of 1D site response analysis to shallow sedimentary basins: A critical evaluation through physics-based 3D ground motion simulations

One-dimensional site response analysis (1D SRA) remains the standard practice in considering the effect of local soil deposits and predicting site-specific ground motions, although its range of applicability to realistic seismic wavefields is still in question. In this 1D approach, horizontal and vertical ground shaking are assumed to be induced by vertically propagating shear and compressional waves, respectively. A recent study based on analytical two-dimensional (2D) plane waves and simple point source earthquake simulations has shown two mechanistic limitations in this 1D modelling technique for general inclined seismic waves, that is, systematic over-prediction of the vertical motion and wave trapping in the 1D soil column. In this article, we evaluate in detail the applicability of this 1D modelling approach to realistic three-dimensional (3D) simulated seismic wavefields in shallow sedimentary basins. Linear-viscoelastic 1D SRA predictions using two types of input motions that are commonly used in practice—rock outcrop and in-column motions, are compared with the reference true site response results from 3D earthquake simulations in terms of various measures in the frequency and time domain. It is shown that the horizontal motion in the 3D seismic wavefield exhibits dominant shear wave propagation phenomenon, while the vertical motion is a combined effect of compressional and shear waves and can be over-predicted by the 1D approach when the incident seismic waves are inclined. Direct evidence of the wave refraction process that leads to the vertical motion over-prediction is provided. 1D SRA with in-column inputs can yield motions that have significantly longer duration compared to the true 3D site response solution due to trapped waves, casting in doubt the frequent need for increased soil damping in existing site studies to compensate for wave attenuation due to scattering alone. Sensitivity investigation on the increase of soil profile damping by a multiplier Dmul shows Dmul values compatible with those found in the literature for both horizontal and vertical motions. It is shown that the level of Dmul optimized for a best match of the spectral acceleration is dependent on the characteristic of the input motion and a larger Dmul is typically required for the vertical component. In contrast, 1D SRA with outcrop motions predicts motions with shorter significant duration due to its inability to capture the basin-edge generated surface waves. A suite of ground motion simulations was performed to assess the sensitivity of the observations to the basin geologic structure including the velocity gradient, rock-basin impedance contrast and basin depth. The analysis results show that the accuracy of the simplified 1D procedure is dependent on the wavefield composition of both the input motions and the true 3D site response solution. While the horizontal motions in shallow sedimentary basins can, to the first order, be reasonably captured by the simplified 1D approach, 1D SRA for the vertical component is in general not reliable and contributions from inclined shear waves should be accounted for in site-specific evaluation of the vertical design ground motion.

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来源期刊
Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 工程技术-工程:地质
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
13.30%
发文量
180
审稿时长
4.8 months
期刊介绍: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics provides a forum for the publication of papers on several aspects of engineering related to earthquakes. The problems in this field, and their solutions, are international in character and require knowledge of several traditional disciplines; the Journal will reflect this. Papers that may be relevant but do not emphasize earthquake engineering and related structural dynamics are not suitable for the Journal. Relevant topics include the following: ground motions for analysis and design geotechnical earthquake engineering probabilistic and deterministic methods of dynamic analysis experimental behaviour of structures seismic protective systems system identification risk assessment seismic code requirements methods for earthquake-resistant design and retrofit of structures.
期刊最新文献
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