COVID-19 大流行前后饮酒量和酒精问题的变化:对酗酒年轻人的前瞻性研究

Kasey G. Creswell, Garrett C. Hisler, Greta Lyons, Francisco A. Carrillo-Álvarez, Catharine E. Fairbairn, Aidan G. C. Wright
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摘要

以往研究 COVID-19 大流行前和流行期间饮酒量变化的大多数研究都采用了横断面设计,要求参与者回顾性报告其大流行前的饮酒量。迄今为止进行的少数纵向研究也通常依赖于对大流行前饮酒情况的回顾性报告,而且以前的纵向研究都没有包括大流行开始前和开始后的多次评估。在此,我们以 234 名酗酒严重的年轻人(21-29 岁)为研究对象,(1) 前瞻性地考察了在大流行爆发前后(2018 年 2 月至 2022 年 3 月)多个时间点评估的酒精消费/模式和酒精问题的人内变化、在偏离 COVID 前轨迹的背景下,研究 COVID 开始后酒精参与的变化轨迹(使用多层次结构方程建模框架下的个体成长模型),以及 (2) 使用相关斜率模型,检验理论上可解释与大流行相关的酒精消费/模式和酒精问题变化的机制(即负情感、应对动机饮酒和单独饮酒的变化)。结果表明,从大流行开始前到开始后,饮酒数量和频率以及酗酒问题明显减少,这主要是由于周末(相对于平日)饮酒数量和频率以及每饮酒日饮酒量明显减少。从大流行前到大流行后,消极情绪明显减少,独自饮酒明显增加,应付性饮酒动机没有明显变化;这些变量的变化与酗酒减少无关,而且从大流行前到大流行后,所有变量的变化幅度在男性和女性之间没有普遍差异。研究结果表明,在大流行期间,这些酗酒的年轻人的酒精使用量和伴随的酒精相关问题明显减少,而且这些减少在大流行开始后的两年内都很明显。在这项关于酗酒青年的饮酒量和模式的前瞻性纵向研究中,观察到从大流行开始前到开始后,饮酒量、频率和问题都明显减少。
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Changes in alcohol consumption and alcohol problems before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study in heavy drinking young adults
Most past studies examining changes in alcohol use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic used cross-sectional designs that required participants to retrospectively report on their pre-pandemic alcohol consumption. The few longitudinal studies conducted so far also commonly relied on retrospective reports of pre-pandemic alcohol use, and no previous longitudinal studies included multiple assessments that occurred both prior to and after the onset of the pandemic. Here, in 234 heavy drinking young adults (aged 21–29 years), we (1) prospectively examined within-person changes in alcohol consumption/patterns and alcohol problems assessed at multiple timepoints before and after the pandemic onset (February 2018 to March 2022), to examine trajectories of changes in alcohol involvement after the start of COVID in the context of deviations from pre-COVID trajectories (using individual growth models fitted in a multilevel structural equation modeling framework), and (2) tested theoretically informed mechanisms (that is, changes in negative affectivity, coping-motivated drinking and solitary drinking) in explaining pandemic-associated changes in alcohol consumption/patterns and alcohol problems using correlated slopes models. The results showed significant reductions in alcohol use quantity and frequency, as well as alcohol problems, from pre- to post-pandemic onset, which were largely driven by significant decreases in weekend (versus weekday) drinking quantity and frequency and drinks per drinking day. Negative affectivity significantly decreased, and solitary drinking significantly increased, from pre- to post-pandemic onset, with no significant change to coping drinking motives; changes in these variables were not related to decreases in alcohol involvement, and the magnitude of changes in all variables from pre- to post-pandemic onset did not generally differ for males and females. The results indicate that alcohol use and concomitant alcohol-related problems significantly decreased in these heavy drinking young adults during the pandemic, and these decreases were evident up to two years post pandemic onset. In this prospective longitudinal study of alcohol consumption and patterns in heavy drinking young adults, significant reductions in alcohol use quantity, frequency and problems were observed from pre- to post-pandemic onset.
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