{"title":"筛查孟加拉国达卡受污染土壤中的遗留和新出现的有机污染物","authors":"Refayat Nigar , Shizhen Zhao , Xin Liu , Huanfang Huang , Lele Tian , Yuwei Xiao , Ahsan Habib , Gan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100356","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current understanding of the legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the soil of Bangladesh remains limited. Inadequate disposal practices, particularly in e-waste, landfills, and industrial operations, may lead to the pervasive presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the country. This study aimed to systematically investigate the concentrations, sources, and risk assessment of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chlorinated paraffins (CPs), and PAHs in the contaminated soil of Dhaka's dumpsites, e-waste, and industrial areas collected in 2017. The total concentration of investigated pollutants averaged at 4790 ± 4040 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw, with the following order: ∑<sub>44</sub>CPs (4110 ± 4140 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>16</sub>PAHs (422 ± 491 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>16</sub>HFRs (190 ± 538 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>209</sub>PCBs (43.5 ± 73.5 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>50</sub>PCNs (17.7 ± 21.0 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>27</sub>OCPs (9.41 ± 9.61 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw). The e-waste site exhibited the highest total concentration of the target pollutants, reaching 12,700 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw. CPs were the predominant contributors, accounting for averages of 81.8%, 70.5%, and 68.5% to waste landfills, e-waste, and industrial sites, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of 209 PCB congeners revealed their primary origin from Aroclor PCBs, with minor contributions from unintentionally produced PCBs. The highest incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) occurred in e-waste sites, contributed by dioxin-like PCBs, with a maximum value of 5.9 × 10<sup>−5</sup> for adults, exceeding the limit 1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> set by the U.S. EPA. The non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQs) were much lower, suggesting no significant risk from the investigated pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of proper waste management and regulated e-waste recycling to mitigate potential hazardous risks to the Bangladeshi population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240566502400057X/pdfft?md5=e0dfe2a89ffa8b3724c79d9a0b681be6&pid=1-s2.0-S240566502400057X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Screening legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the contaminated soil of Dhaka, Bangladesh\",\"authors\":\"Refayat Nigar , Shizhen Zhao , Xin Liu , Huanfang Huang , Lele Tian , Yuwei Xiao , Ahsan Habib , Gan Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100356\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The current understanding of the legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the soil of Bangladesh remains limited. Inadequate disposal practices, particularly in e-waste, landfills, and industrial operations, may lead to the pervasive presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the country. This study aimed to systematically investigate the concentrations, sources, and risk assessment of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chlorinated paraffins (CPs), and PAHs in the contaminated soil of Dhaka's dumpsites, e-waste, and industrial areas collected in 2017. The total concentration of investigated pollutants averaged at 4790 ± 4040 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw, with the following order: ∑<sub>44</sub>CPs (4110 ± 4140 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>16</sub>PAHs (422 ± 491 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>16</sub>HFRs (190 ± 538 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>209</sub>PCBs (43.5 ± 73.5 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>50</sub>PCNs (17.7 ± 21.0 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw) > ∑<sub>27</sub>OCPs (9.41 ± 9.61 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw). The e-waste site exhibited the highest total concentration of the target pollutants, reaching 12,700 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dw. CPs were the predominant contributors, accounting for averages of 81.8%, 70.5%, and 68.5% to waste landfills, e-waste, and industrial sites, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of 209 PCB congeners revealed their primary origin from Aroclor PCBs, with minor contributions from unintentionally produced PCBs. The highest incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) occurred in e-waste sites, contributed by dioxin-like PCBs, with a maximum value of 5.9 × 10<sup>−5</sup> for adults, exceeding the limit 1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> set by the U.S. EPA. The non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQs) were much lower, suggesting no significant risk from the investigated pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of proper waste management and regulated e-waste recycling to mitigate potential hazardous risks to the Bangladeshi population.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11539,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Emerging Contaminants\",\"volume\":\"10 3\",\"pages\":\"Article 100356\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240566502400057X/pdfft?md5=e0dfe2a89ffa8b3724c79d9a0b681be6&pid=1-s2.0-S240566502400057X-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Emerging Contaminants\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1087\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240566502400057X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Emerging Contaminants","FirstCategoryId":"1087","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240566502400057X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Screening legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the contaminated soil of Dhaka, Bangladesh
The current understanding of the legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the soil of Bangladesh remains limited. Inadequate disposal practices, particularly in e-waste, landfills, and industrial operations, may lead to the pervasive presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the country. This study aimed to systematically investigate the concentrations, sources, and risk assessment of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chlorinated paraffins (CPs), and PAHs in the contaminated soil of Dhaka's dumpsites, e-waste, and industrial areas collected in 2017. The total concentration of investigated pollutants averaged at 4790 ± 4040 ng g−1 dw, with the following order: ∑44CPs (4110 ± 4140 ng g−1 dw) > ∑16PAHs (422 ± 491 ng g−1 dw) > ∑16HFRs (190 ± 538 ng g−1 dw) > ∑209PCBs (43.5 ± 73.5 ng g−1 dw) > ∑50PCNs (17.7 ± 21.0 ng g−1 dw) > ∑27OCPs (9.41 ± 9.61 ng g−1 dw). The e-waste site exhibited the highest total concentration of the target pollutants, reaching 12,700 ng g−1 dw. CPs were the predominant contributors, accounting for averages of 81.8%, 70.5%, and 68.5% to waste landfills, e-waste, and industrial sites, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of 209 PCB congeners revealed their primary origin from Aroclor PCBs, with minor contributions from unintentionally produced PCBs. The highest incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) occurred in e-waste sites, contributed by dioxin-like PCBs, with a maximum value of 5.9 × 10−5 for adults, exceeding the limit 1.0 × 10−6 set by the U.S. EPA. The non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQs) were much lower, suggesting no significant risk from the investigated pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of proper waste management and regulated e-waste recycling to mitigate potential hazardous risks to the Bangladeshi population.
期刊介绍：
Emerging Contaminants is an outlet for world-leading research addressing problems associated with environmental contamination caused by emerging contaminants and their solutions. Emerging contaminants are defined as chemicals that are not currently (or have been only recently) regulated and about which there exist concerns regarding their impact on human or ecological health. Examples of emerging contaminants include disinfection by-products, pharmaceutical and personal care products, persistent organic chemicals, and mercury etc. as well as their degradation products. We encourage papers addressing science that facilitates greater understanding of the nature, extent, and impacts of the presence of emerging contaminants in the environment; technology that exploits original principles to reduce and control their environmental presence; as well as the development, implementation and efficacy of national and international policies to protect human health and the environment from emerging contaminants.
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