Vancomycin bioanalysis for TDM services by using immunoassay and HPLC: A scoping review

Background: Administration of vancomycin in treating infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The immunoassay method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are the two methods of choice for examining vancomycin levels, with their respective advantages. Objective: This study aims to review the validity of immunoassay and HPLC methods, as well as consider which method is appropriate, effective, and efficient for TDM in the clinical setting. Method: Related articles were searched for using the keywords "immunoassay", "vancomycin", "HPLC", "bioanalysis", and "human" in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Result: A total of 20 publications examined immunoassays, whereas 23 articles covered HPLC. Both the immunoassay and HPLC methods provided acceptable bioanalytical validation values. Conclusion: The immunoassay method is an option for routine sample analysis that requires fast results, but this method is not recommended for patients with high immunoglobulin levels. The HPLC method is a choice because it offers better selectivity and sensitivity.