研究高血压、糖尿病和慢性肾病患者中央和外周动脉僵化指标与肾功能的关系。

IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Nefrologia Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nefro.2024.05.005
Jary Perelló Martínez , Alfredo Michán Doña , Rafael Santamaría Olmo , Juan Carlos Hidalgo Santiago , Josefina Gálvez Moral , Pablo Gómez-Fernández
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The pathophysiological mechanisms of this association are not fully defined.</div><div>The aim of this study was: 1.- To analyze the CAS, comparing several markers, in subjects with arterial hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their combination. 2.- To study the possible association of CAS with renal dysfunction (decrease in GFR and increase in uALB).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 286 subjects were included, divided into several groups: Control (n: 38); HTN (n:51); DM without CKD (n:26); CKD without DM (n:77); CKD with DM (n:94). Several indices obtained by applanation tonometry were used to determine the CAS: carotid-femoral pulse velocity (VP<sub><strong>c-f</strong></sub>); central pulse pressure (cPP); augmentation index standardized to a cardiac frequency of 75 l/min (IA<sub><strong>75</strong></sub>); peripheral / aortic arterial stiffness gradient (ASG<sub>p-a</sub>). 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The ASG<sub><strong>p-a</strong></sub> of the patients was significantly lower than that of the controls, and the group with DM with CKD had significantly lower values than the other groups. The cPP in the DM with CKD group was significantly higher than in the other groups. All patients had an AI<sub>75</sub> higher than the control group.</div><div>When all aortic stiffness markers were introduced together in the regression, PV <sub><strong>c-f</strong></sub> was the only one that, after multivariate adjustment, was independently and inversely associated with GFR (β; –4, p:0.001) and predicted the presence of GFR decrease (&lt; 60<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), [(OR (95%CI): 1.50 (1.17-1.92; p:0.001]. The PV<sub><strong>c-f</strong></sub> was the only index directly associated with albuminuria (β: 0.15, p: 0.02) and predicted the existence of abnormal albuminuria (&gt; 30<!--> <!-->mg/g), [(OR; 1.66 (1.25-2.20), p:0.001)]. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

理由和目标主动脉或中心动脉僵化(CAS)增加是有血管风险因素的患者心血管发病率和死亡率的主要因素。肾小球滤过率(GFR)降低和尿白蛋白排泄量(uALB)增加与致命性和非致命性心血管事件有关。本研究的目的是:1.- 通过比较动脉高血压(HTN)、糖尿病(DM)、慢性肾脏病(CKD)及其合并症受试者的几种标志物,分析 CAS。2.- 研究 CAS 与肾功能障碍(GFR 下降和 uALB 升高)之间可能存在的关联:对照组(38 人);高血压组(51 人);无 CKD 的 DM 组(26 人);无 DM 的 CKD 组(77 人);有 DM 的 CKD 组(94 人)。通过眼压测量法获得的几项指数用于确定 CAS:颈动脉-股动脉脉搏速度(VPc-f);中心脉压(cPP);以 75 升/分钟的心率为标准的增强指数(IA75);外周/主动脉动脉僵化梯度(ASGp-a)。作为外周动脉僵化的标志,颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏速度(PVc-r)被测定出来。根据 PVc-r /PVc-f 的比率计算 ASGp-a。多元回归、二元逻辑回归和多项式回归用于研究动脉僵化指标与肾功能之间的关系。结果 DM患者[(9(1.2)]、CKD患者[(9.4(0.7)]和DM伴CKD患者[(10.9(0.7)]的PVc-f调整值[(中位数(四分位距)(米/秒)]明显高于对照组[(8.2(1.3)]和HTN组[(8.3(0.9)],(P:0.001)。糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病患者的 PVc-f 值高于所有其他组别(P:0.001)。患者的 ASGp-a 值明显低于对照组,DM 伴 CKD 组的 ASGp-a 值明显低于其他组。糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病组的 cPP 明显高于其他组。所有患者的 AI75 均高于对照组。当所有主动脉僵化指标一起引入回归时,PV c-f 是唯一一个经多变量调整后与 GFR 呈独立反相关的指标(β; -4, p:0.001),并可预测 GFR 是否下降(< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2),[(OR (95%CI): 1.50 (1.17-1.92; p:0.001]。PVc-f 是唯一与白蛋白尿直接相关的指数(β:0.15,p:0.02),并可预测是否存在异常白蛋白尿(> 30 mg/g)[(OR;1.66(1.25-2.20),p:0.001)]。多项式回归证实,PVc-f 是 GFR 和 uALB 的重要决定因素。多项式回归证实,PVc-f 是 GFR 和 uALB 的重要决定因素。另一方面,PVc-f 的增加和 DM 的存在对白蛋白尿的程度有显著影响。当糖尿病和慢性肾脏病同时存在时,主动脉僵硬度增加的幅度更大。主动脉僵硬度的增加与肾小球滤过率成反比,与尿量胆固醇直接相关,并可预测肾小球滤过率下降和尿量胆固醇异常。VPc-f 是主动脉僵化参数中与肾功能异常关系最密切的参数。主动脉僵化增加可能是肾功能不全与心血管事件相关联的病理机制之一。
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Estudio de la asociación de marcadores de rigidez arterial central y periférica con la función renal en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y enfermedad renal crónica

Rationale and objectives

Increased aortic or central arterial stiffness (CAS) is a major factor in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with vascular risk factors. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased urinary albumin excretion (uALB) are associated with lethal and non-lethal cardiovascular events. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this association are not fully defined.
The aim of this study was: 1.- To analyze the CAS, comparing several markers, in subjects with arterial hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their combination. 2.- To study the possible association of CAS with renal dysfunction (decrease in GFR and increase in uALB).

Material and methods

A total of 286 subjects were included, divided into several groups: Control (n: 38); HTN (n:51); DM without CKD (n:26); CKD without DM (n:77); CKD with DM (n:94). Several indices obtained by applanation tonometry were used to determine the CAS: carotid-femoral pulse velocity (VPc-f); central pulse pressure (cPP); augmentation index standardized to a cardiac frequency of 75 l/min (IA75); peripheral / aortic arterial stiffness gradient (ASGp-a). As a marker of peripheral arterial stiffness, the carotid-radial pulse velocity (PVc-r) was determined. The ASGp-a was calculated from the PVc-r /PVc-f ratio. The subendocardial viability index (iBuckberg) was obtained from the aortic pulse wave.
Multiple regression, binary logistic regression, and multinomial regression were used to study the association between arterial stiffness markers and renal function.

Results

The adjusted values of the PVc-f [(median (interquartile range) (m/sec)] were significantly higher in subjects with DM [(9 (1.2)], CKD [(9.4 (0.7)] and DM with CKD [(10.9 (0.7)] than in the control group [(8.2 (1.3)] and group with HTN [(8.3 (0.9)], (p:0.001). Patients with DM with CKD had higher PVc-f values than all other groups (p: 0.001). The ASGp-a of the patients was significantly lower than that of the controls, and the group with DM with CKD had significantly lower values than the other groups. The cPP in the DM with CKD group was significantly higher than in the other groups. All patients had an AI75 higher than the control group.
When all aortic stiffness markers were introduced together in the regression, PV c-f was the only one that, after multivariate adjustment, was independently and inversely associated with GFR (β; –4, p:0.001) and predicted the presence of GFR decrease (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), [(OR (95%CI): 1.50 (1.17-1.92; p:0.001]. The PVc-f was the only index directly associated with albuminuria (β: 0.15, p: 0.02) and predicted the existence of abnormal albuminuria (> 30 mg/g), [(OR; 1.66 (1.25-2.20), p:0.001)]. The PVc-f was also associated with the iBuckberg (β: -2.73, p: 0.01).
Multinomial regression confirmed that PVc-f is a significant determinant of GFR and uALB. On the other hand, the increase in PVc-f and the presence of DM contribute significantly to the magnitude of albuminuria.

Conclusions

Aortic stiffness increases in the presence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, DM and CKD. This increase is greater when DM and CKD coexist. Increased aortic stiffness is inversely associated with GFR and directly with uALB, and is predictive of decreased GFR and abnormal uALB. The VPc-f is the parameter of aortic stiffness that is most consistently associated with renal dysfunction. Increased aortic stiffness could be one of the pathomechanisms linking renal dysfunction to cardiovascular events.
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来源期刊
Nefrologia
Nefrologia 医学-泌尿学与肾脏学
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
148
审稿时长
47 days
期刊介绍: Nefrología is the official publication of the Spanish Society of Nephrology. The Journal publishes articles on basic or clinical research relating to nephrology, arterial hypertension, dialysis and kidney transplants. It is governed by the peer review system and all original papers are subject to internal assessment and external reviews. The journal accepts submissions of articles in English and in Spanish languages.
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